arXiv:2507.12384cs.LGcs.ET2025-07被引 1

用新型材料实现更可信的树模型推理,抗干扰能力强。

Trustworthy Tree-based Machine Learning by $MoS_2$ Flash-based Analog CAM with Inherent Soft Boundaries

  • 用二硫化钼模拟存算芯片实现软决策边界,提升硬件鲁棒性。
  • 在乳腺癌数据集上达96%准确率,设备波动下仅0.6%性能下降。
  • 适合需要可解释性与高可靠性的工业级AI部署场景。

人工智能快速发展引发对其可信度的担忧,尤其在可解释性与鲁棒性方面。树模型如随机森林和XGBoost在表格数据上表现优异,但因数据局部性差、依赖高而难以高效扩展。以往利用模拟内容寻址内存(CAM)加速的方法受限于难以实现的锐利决策边界,易受器件变异影响,导致硬件性能差且易受对抗攻击。本文提出一种基于二硫化钼(MoS₂)闪存型模拟CAM的软边界硬件-软件协同设计,支持软树模型高效推理。实验表明,该方法在真实模拟CAM阵列上对威斯康星乳腺癌诊断数据库(WDBC)实现96%准确率,同时保持决策可解释性。在MNIST数据集上,面对10%器件阈值变化时,软树模型仅损失0.6%精度,远优于传统树模型45.3%的降幅。本工作为提升AI可信度与效率的专用硬件提供新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has raised concerns regarding its trustworthiness, especially in terms of interpretability and robustness. Tree-based models like Random Forest and XGBoost excel in interpretability and accuracy for tabular data, but scaling them remains computationally expensive due to poor data locality and high data dependence. Previous efforts to accelerate these models with analog content addressable memory (CAM) have struggled, due to the fact that the difficult-to-implement sharp decision boundaries are highly susceptible to device variations, which leads to poor hardware performance and vulnerability to adversarial attacks. This work presents a novel hardware-software co-design approach using $MoS_2$ Flash-based analog CAM with inherent soft boundaries, enabling efficient inference with soft tree-based models. Our soft tree model inference experiments on $MoS_2$ analog CAM arrays show this method achieves exceptional robustness against device variation and adversarial attacks while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy. Specifically, our fabricated analog CAM arrays achieve $96\%$ accuracy on Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) database, while maintaining decision explainability. Our experimentally calibrated model validated only a $0.6\%$ accuracy drop on the MNIST dataset under $10\%$ device threshold variation, compared to a $45.3\%$ drop for traditional decision trees. This work paves the way for specialized hardware that enhances AI's trustworthiness and efficiency.

树模型模拟存算可信AIMoS2

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