arXiv:2507.12562cs.DBcs.DC2025-07被引 1

用超图建模数据库,更精准捕捉属性间关系。

Rel-HNN: Split Parallel Hypergraph Neural Network for Learning on Relational Databases

  • 将每个属性值对设为节点,每条记录设为超边,构建超图结构。
  • 在分类和回归任务中显著优于现有方法,提升明显。
  • 支持多GPU并行训练,处理大规模数据库速度快3倍以上。

关系型数据库(RDBs)广泛应用于企业与现实场景。传统深度学习模型难以处理其结构化数据,因需固定大小输入。图神经网络(GNN)虽被用于解决此问题,但常将每条记录视为单一节点,忽略记录内部的关联。本文提出一种基于超图的新框架rel-HNN,将每个唯一的属性-值对作为节点,每条记录作为超边,从而捕捉细粒度的记录内关系。该方法在属性值、记录和表三个层次上学习显式的多层次表示。为应对大规模数据库带来的可扩展性挑战,进一步引入分片并行训练算法,利用多GPU实现高效超图学习。在真实世界与基准数据集上的大量实验表明,rel-HNN在分类与回归任务中均显著优于现有方法。此外,相比单GPU执行,分片并行训练在关系数据学习上提速最高达3.18倍,在超图学习上提速最高达2.94倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Relational databases (RDBs) are ubiquitous in enterprise and real-world applications. Flattening the database poses challenges for deep learning models that rely on fixed-size input representations to capture relational semantics from the structured nature of relational data. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proposed to address this, but they often oversimplify relational structures by modeling all the tuples as monolithic nodes and ignoring intra-tuple associations. In this work, we propose a novel hypergraph-based framework, that we call rel-HNN, which models each unique attribute-value pair as a node and each tuple as a hyperedge, enabling the capture of fine-grained intra-tuple relationships. Our approach learns explicit multi-level representations across attribute-value, tuple, and table levels. To address the scalability challenges posed by large RDBs, we further introduce a split-parallel training algorithm that leverages multi-GPU execution for efficient hypergraph learning. Extensive experiments on real-world and benchmark datasets demonstrate that rel-HNN significantly outperforms existing methods in both classification and regression tasks. Moreover, our split-parallel training achieves substantial speedups -- up to 3.18x for learning on relational data and up to 2.94x for hypergraph learning -- compared to conventional single-GPU execution.

超图神经网络数据库学习多级表示并行训练

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