用Wi-Fi信号的相位和幅度变化,让静止的人也能被精准识别。
Transformer-Based Person Identification via Wi-Fi CSI Amplitude and Phase Perturbations
- 用双分支Transformer分别处理信号的幅度和相位信息
- 在6人静态实验中达到99.82%识别准确率
- 仅用低成本设备即可实现无感身份识别,适合隐私敏感场景
Wi-Fi感知正成为一种非侵入式、保护隐私的替代视觉系统的人体识别技术。然而,基于无线信号的静止状态人员识别仍基本未被探索。以往方法多依赖行走步态等运动模式提取生物特征。本文提出一种基于Transformer的方法,通过记录人体静止时的信道状态信息(CSI)进行个体识别。CSI能捕捉人体与射频信号交互产生的细微幅度和相位扰动。为支持评估,我们使用ESP32设备在受控室内环境采集数据集,包含六名参与者在多种姿态下的观测。设计了包括异常值剔除、平滑处理和相位校准在内的预处理流程以提升信号质量。所提双分支Transformer架构分别处理幅度与相位模态,在测试中取得99.82%分类准确率,优于卷积神经网络与多层感知机基线模型。结果表明,CSI扰动具有显著区分性,可稳定编码生物特征,证实了利用低成本商用Wi-Fi硬件实现被动、无设备人员识别在真实场景中的可行性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wi-Fi sensing is gaining momentum as a non-intrusive and privacy-preserving alternative to vision-based systems for human identification. However, person identification through wireless signals, particularly without user motion, remains largely unexplored. Most prior wireless-based approaches rely on movement patterns, such as walking gait, to extract biometric cues. In contrast, we propose a transformer-based method that identifies individuals from Channel State Information (CSI) recorded while the subject remains stationary. CSI captures fine-grained amplitude and phase distortions induced by the unique interaction between the human body and the radio signal. To support evaluation, we introduce a dataset acquired with ESP32 devices in a controlled indoor environment, featuring six participants observed across multiple orientations. A tailored preprocessing pipeline, including outlier removal, smoothing, and phase calibration, enhances signal quality. Our dual-branch transformer architecture processes amplitude and phase modalities separately and achieves 99.82\% classification accuracy, outperforming convolutional and multilayer perceptron baselines. These results demonstrate the discriminative potential of CSI perturbations, highlighting their capacity to encode biometric traits in a consistent manner. They further confirm the viability of passive, device-free person identification using low-cost commodity Wi-Fi hardware in real-world settings.
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