搜索结果受算法与用户偏见共同影响，加剧信息极化。
Social and Political Framing in Search Engine Results
- 分析主流搜索引擎对政治社会话题的回应模式。
- 发现用户意识形态会放大搜索结果中的叙事偏见。
- 不同引擎间内容来源差异显著，可能强化立场分裂。
搜索引擎在塑造公众话语中起关键作用，影响信息获取与呈现方式。尽管已有研究深入探讨了内容排序、索引偏差、政治极化及偏见来源等维度，但一个核心问题仍被忽视：搜索引擎本身与意识形态驱动的用户查询如何共同导致搜索结果的偏见。本研究基于政治与社会议题的数据集，分析主流搜索引擎的输出结果。结果显示，搜索引擎不仅以反映内在偏见的方式优先展示内容，且用户出于意识形态的查询行为会进一步加剧这种偏见，导致特定叙事被放大。此外，在内容来源的优先级上，不同搜索引擎表现出显著差异。这些发现表明，搜索引擎可能通过强化意识形态分歧，在更广泛的信息极化问题中扮演关键角色。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Search engines play a crucial role in shaping public discourse by influencing how information is accessed and framed. While prior research has extensively examined various dimensions of search bias -- such as content prioritization, indexical bias, political polarization, and sources of bias -- an important question remains underexplored: how do search engines and ideologically-motivated user queries contribute to bias in search results. This study analyzes the outputs of major search engines using a dataset of political and social topics. The findings reveal that search engines not only prioritize content in ways that reflect underlying biases but also that ideologically-driven user queries exacerbate these biases, resulting in the amplification of specific narratives. Moreover, significant differences were observed across search engines in terms of the sources they prioritize. These results suggest that search engines may play a pivotal role in shaping public perceptions by reinforcing ideological divides, thereby contributing to the broader issue of information polarization.
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