arXiv:2507.14179cs.LGcs.AI2025-07

通过聚类激活模式,高效预测大模型稀疏性以降低计算开销。

A Sparsity Predicting Approach for Large Language Models via Activation Pattern Clustering

  • 将相似激活模式聚类为少数代表性组,替代逐神经元预测。
  • 聚类精度达79.34%,困惑度仅下降至12.49,模型质量保持良好。
  • 适合追求高效推理的大模型部署与稀疏计算研究者。

大型语言模型(LLMs)存在显著的激活稀疏性,即单个输入仅激活部分神经元。尽管这为降低计算成本提供了机会,但高效利用该稀疏性需可扩展地预测激活模式。直接在神经元层面进行预测因模型规模庞大而计算代价高昂。为此,我们提出一种基于聚类的激活模式压缩框架:不独立处理每个神经元,而是将相似激活模式归入少量代表性簇。该方法实现最高79.34%的聚类精度,优于标准二值聚类,且困惑度(PPL)下降极小。当簇数量充足时,可达到最低12.49的PPL值,证明其在保留模型性能的同时有效减少计算开销。通过预测簇分配而非单个神经元状态,未来模型可从预计算的中心点高效推断激活模式。我们详述聚类算法,分析其对激活结构的捕捉能力,并展示其提升稀疏计算效率的潜力。该聚类范式为激活模式预测研究奠定基础,推动大规模语言模型的高效推理。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant activation sparsity, where only a subset of neurons are active for a given input. Although this sparsity presents opportunities to reduce computational cost, efficiently utilizing it requires predicting activation patterns in a scalable manner. However, direct prediction at the neuron level is computationally expensive due to the vast number of neurons in modern LLMs. To enable efficient prediction and utilization of activation sparsity, we propose a clustering-based activation pattern compression framework. Instead of treating each neuron independently, we group similar activation patterns into a small set of representative clusters. Our method achieves up to 79.34% clustering precision, outperforming standard binary clustering approaches while maintaining minimal degradation in perplexity (PPL) scores. With a sufficiently large number of clusters, our approach attains a PPL score as low as 12.49, demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving model quality while reducing computational overhead. By predicting cluster assignments rather than individual neuron states, future models can efficiently infer activation patterns from pre-computed centroids. We detail the clustering algorithm, analyze its effectiveness in capturing meaningful activation structures, and demonstrate its potential to improve sparse computation efficiency. This clustering-based formulation serves as a foundation for future work on activation pattern prediction, paving the way for efficient inference in large-scale language models.

大模型稀疏性聚类推理优化

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