为脑机接口中的大脑模型设计忠诚、关怀与保密的算法义务
Fiduciary AI for the Future of Brain-Technology Interactions
- 将法律上的信托责任嵌入脑机接口的神经模型架构中
- 通过技术设计确保系统在毫秒级响应中保护用户认知自主权
- 适合关注脑机安全与伦理的AI研究者与政策制定者
大脑基础模型代表了AI的新前沿：它们不处理文本或图像，而是实时解析来自脑电图（EEG）、功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）等神经技术的神经信号。当与脑机接口（BCIs）结合时，这些模型可在毫秒级内解读并响应脑活动，实现从意念控制设备到神经假体的变革性应用。然而，这些系统也带来前所未有的风险，包括对潜意识神经信号的滥用及认知自由的侵蚀。用户难以观察或控制其脑信号如何被解释，造成权力失衡，易受操纵。本文提出，通过技术设计将信托责任——忠诚、关怀与保密——直接嵌入集成脑机接口的大脑基础模型中。借鉴法律传统和近期人工智能对齐进展，我们提出了可实现的架构与治理机制，确保系统始终以用户最佳利益行事。将大脑基础模型置于信托地位，是实现其潜力而不损害自我决定权的关键。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Brain foundation models represent a new frontier in AI: instead of processing text or images, these models interpret real-time neural signals from EEG, fMRI, and other neurotechnologies. When integrated with brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), they may enable transformative applications-from thought controlled devices to neuroprosthetics-by interpreting and acting on brain activity in milliseconds. However, these same systems pose unprecedented risks, including the exploitation of subconscious neural signals and the erosion of cognitive liberty. Users cannot easily observe or control how their brain signals are interpreted, creating power asymmetries that are vulnerable to manipulation. This paper proposes embedding fiduciary duties-loyalty, care, and confidentiality-directly into BCI-integrated brain foundation models through technical design. Drawing on legal traditions and recent advancements in AI alignment techniques, we outline implementable architectural and governance mechanisms to ensure these systems act in users' best interests. Placing brain foundation models on a fiduciary footing is essential to realizing their potential without compromising self-determination.
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