arXiv:2507.14499math.PRcs.AI2025-07

用神经网络定义随机过程,让模型自己学会对不确定性的态度。

Neural Brownian Motion

  • 用神经网络构建非线性期望算子,替代传统期望,实现动态建模。
  • 证明了在特定条件下,该过程存在唯一强解,且波动率由方程隐式决定。
  • 可学习不确定性态度,适合需要自适应风险判断的场景。

本文提出神经布朗运动(NBM),一种基于学习不确定性的新随机过程。通过将经典线性期望下的鞅性质替换为由神经网络参数化的非线性期望算子ε^θ,定义了一类新型过程。核心结果为一个规范NBM的表示定理:在物理测度下零漂移的连续ε^θ-鞅。在驱动函数具有关键结构假设的前提下,该过程存在唯一强解,形式为dM_t = ν_θ(t, M_t)dW_t,其中波动率ν_θ由代数约束g_θ(t, M_t, ν_θ) = 0隐式确定。我们建立了该过程的随机微积分理论,并给出了二次情形下的类似Girsanov定理,表明在新学习测度下NBM会获得漂移。该测度的悲观或乐观特征由参数θ内生决定,为不确定性态度可被发现的模型提供了严格基础。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This paper introduces the Neural-Brownian Motion (NBM), a new class of stochastic processes for modeling dynamics under learned uncertainty. The NBM is defined axiomatically by replacing the classical martingale property with respect to linear expectation with one relative to a non-linear Neural Expectation Operator, $\varepsilon^θ$, generated by a Backward Stochastic Differential Equation (BSDE) whose driver $f_θ$ is parameterized by a neural network. Our main result is a representation theorem for a canonical NBM, which we define as a continuous $\varepsilon^θ$-martingale with zero drift under the physical measure. We prove that, under a key structural assumption on the driver, such a canonical NBM exists and is the unique strong solution to a stochastic differential equation of the form ${\rm d} M_t = ν_θ(t, M_t) {\rm d} W_t$. Crucially, the volatility function $ν_θ$ is not postulated a priori but is implicitly defined by the algebraic constraint $g_θ(t, M_t, ν_θ(t, M_t)) = 0$, where $g_θ$ is a specialization of the BSDE driver. We develop the stochastic calculus for this process and prove a Girsanov-type theorem for the quadratic case, showing that an NBM acquires a drift under a new, learned measure. The character of this measure, whether pessimistic or optimistic, is endogenously determined by the learned parameters $θ$, providing a rigorous foundation for models where the attitude towards uncertainty is a discoverable feature.

随机过程神经网络不确定性建模

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