解析比特币化美债代币行为,揭示机构与散户差异。
Decoding RWA Tokenized U.S. Treasuries: Functional Dissection and Address Role Inference
- 解码多链美债代币交易,识别发行、赎回等核心金融操作。
- 发现机构用户行为模式与零售用户显著不同,反映当前包容性局限。
- 提出曲率感知模型,精准区分机构、套利机器人和散户角色。
比特币化美国国债作为现实世界资产(RWAs)的重要子类,已在多链Web3基础设施中发展为具有密码学保障、产生收益的金融工具,对透明度、可及性和金融包容性具有重要意义。尽管市场快速扩张,但针对交易层级行为的实证分析仍较匮乏。本文对基于美国国债的RWA代币(包括BUIDL、BENJI、USDY)在多链环境(主要为以太坊及其二层网络)中的行为进行了量化功能拆解。通过解析合约调用,揭示了发行、赎回、转移和跨链等核心金融原语,识别出机构参与者与中小用户在行为特征上的差异,反映了当前RWA采纳的包容性边界。为此,我们提出一种曲率感知表示学习模型用于地址级经济角色推断。该模型在自建美国国债交易数据集上优于基线方法,并可泛化至更广泛的公开区块链交易数据集。解码后的交易行为模式揭示了零售参与程度,角色推断模型则能依据行为特征区分机构投资者、套利机器人与零售交易者,为未来更透明、包容、可问责的Web3金融提供支持。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tokenized U.S. Treasuries have emerged as a prominent subclass of real-world assets (RWAs), offering cryptographically secured, yield-bearing instruments issued across multi-chain Web3 infrastructures, with growing significance for transparency, accessibility, and financial inclusion. While the market has expanded rapidly, empirical analyses of transaction-level behaviours remain limited. This paper conducts a quantitative, function-level dissection of U.S. Treasury-backed RWA tokens, including BUIDL, BENJI, and USDY across multi-chain: mostly Ethereum and Layer-2s. Decoded contract calls expose core financial primitives such as issuance, redemption, transfer, and bridging, revealing patterns that distinguish institutional participants from smaller or retail users for the extent and limits of inclusivity in current RWA adoption. To infer address-level economic roles, we introduce a curvature-aware representation learning model. Our method outperforms baseline models in role inference on our collected U.S. Treasury transaction dataset and generalizes to address classification across broader public blockchain transaction datasets. The decoded transaction-level patterns in tokenized U.S. Treasuries across chains surface the degree of retail participation, and the role inference model enables the distinction between institutional treasuries, arbitrage bots, and retail traders based on behavioral patterns, facilitating future more transparent, inclusive, and accountable Web3 finance.
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