用虚拟孪生与远程操控实现电池安全拆解，提升回收效率与安全性
Digital twin and extended reality for teleoperation of the electric vehicle battery disassembly
- 通过物理-数字双胞胎结合遥操作，实现人工主导的电池拆解流程
- 系统可保存未知电池型号的拆解序列，支持未来自动化复用
- 适合电池回收企业、智能制造研究者，助力绿色供应链建设
电动汽车电池（EVB）的拆解与分拣对构建闭环供应链、推动电动化转型至关重要。当前人工拆解过程存在触电及有毒化学物质暴露等风险。本文提出一种远程操控系统，实现安全拆解与分拣。人类操作者可创建并保存未知车型电池的拆解序列，为后续自动化奠定基础。采用RGB相机对齐物理与数字孪生的电池模型，机器人数字孪生基于机器人操作系统（ROS）构建。该混合方法融合遥操作与自动化，提升拆解过程的安全性、适应性与效率。经济价值体现在降低人力依赖、提高电池回收吞吐量。通过在线试点研究评估可用性，结果表明该方案具备用户友好潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Disassembling and sorting Electric Vehicle Batteries (EVBs) supports a sustainable transition to electric vehicles by enabling a closed-loop supply chain. Currently, the manual disassembly process exposes workers to hazards, including electrocution and toxic chemicals. We propose a teleoperated system for the safe disassembly and sorting of EVBs. A human-in-the-loop can create and save disassembly sequences for unknown EVB types, enabling future automation. An RGB camera aligns the physical and digital twins of the EVB, and the digital twin of the robot is based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) middleware. This hybrid approach combines teleoperation and automation to improve safety, adaptability, and efficiency in EVB disassembly and sorting. The economic contribution is realized by reducing labor dependency and increasing throughput in battery recycling. An online pilot study was set up to evaluate the usability of the presented approach, and the results demonstrate the potential as a user-friendly solution.
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