用模拟用户自动测试对话系统,发现漏洞并评估整体质量。
ChatChecker: A Framework for Dialogue System Testing and Evaluation Through Non-cooperative User Simulation
- 用大模型模拟多样用户行为,自动检测对话故障
- 通过挑战性角色设计,发现系统更深层缺陷
- 无需参考对话,适合研发和测试人员快速验证
尽管现代对话系统高度依赖大语言模型(LLMs),但其实际实现常涉及多个LLM、外部工具与数据库的集成。因此,仅评估底层LLM不足,需对整个对话系统进行测试与评估。然而,这仍是重大挑战。现有工作多聚焦于单轮分析,对整体对话质量保障关注较少。为此,我们提出ChatChecker——一个面向复杂对话系统的自动化评估与测试框架。该框架利用大模型模拟多样化用户交互,识别对话中断,并评估系统质量。相比以往方法,其设计降低了部署成本且具备通用性,不依赖参考对话,且与目标系统的实现解耦。通过在提示中引入错误分类体系,我们提升了故障检测性能;同时提出一种基于挑战性角色的非合作式用户模拟器,能更有效暴露系统弱点。该框架推动了全面、可扩展的测试能力,助力研究者与从业者加速构建鲁棒对话系统。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While modern dialogue systems heavily rely on large language models (LLMs), their implementation often goes beyond pure LLM interaction. Developers integrate multiple LLMs, external tools, and databases. Therefore, assessment of the underlying LLM alone does not suffice, and the dialogue systems must be tested and evaluated as a whole. However, this remains a major challenge. With most previous work focusing on turn-level analysis, less attention has been paid to integrated dialogue-level quality assurance. To address this, we present ChatChecker, a framework for automated evaluation and testing of complex dialogue systems. ChatChecker uses LLMs to simulate diverse user interactions, identify dialogue breakdowns, and evaluate quality. Compared to previous approaches, our design reduces setup effort and is generalizable, as it does not require reference dialogues and is decoupled from the implementation of the target dialogue system. We improve breakdown detection performance over a prior LLM-based approach by including an error taxonomy in the prompt. Additionally, we propose a novel non-cooperative user simulator based on challenging personas that uncovers weaknesses in target dialogue systems more effectively. Through this, ChatChecker contributes to thorough and scalable testing. This enables both researchers and practitioners to accelerate the development of robust dialogue systems.
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