arXiv:2507.16874cs.MAcs.AI2025-07

优化实时多智能体路径规划的预算分配策略,提升复杂场景求解效率。

Budget Allocation Policies for Real-Time Multi-Agent Path Finding

  • 设计智能预算分配策略,动态分配规划时间给不同智能体。
  • 相比均分预算,新策略在挑战性场景中解决更多实例且耗时更少。
  • 适合需要快速响应的机器人协同任务,如仓储配送与无人机群控。

多智能体路径规划(MAPF)旨在为多个智能体寻找路径,使其到达目标位置同时避免相互碰撞,广泛应用于自动化仓库和无人机集群等场景。现有方法多为离线求解,即先生成所有路径再执行,在实际应用中常因等待完整方案而不可行。实时多智能体路径规划(RT-MAPF)假设智能体在固定规划预算后立即执行,每轮仅执行有限动作,随后并发规划下一阶段。当前方法在每个规划周期内重复调用窗口化MAPF算法,但未考虑规划预算大小的影响。本文针对状态领先的MAPF-LNS2算法,探索不同预算分配策略,发现共享预算池的基线方法在复杂场景下表现不佳;而智能分配预算的策略能更高效求解更多问题实例。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-Agent Path finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding paths for a set of agents such that each agent reaches its desired destination while avoiding collisions with the other agents. This problem arises in many robotics applications, such as automated warehouses and swarms of drones. Many MAPF solvers are designed to run offline, that is, first generate paths for all agents and then execute them. In real-world scenarios, waiting for a complete solution before allowing any robot to move is often impractical. Real-time MAPF (RT-MAPF) captures this setting by assuming that agents must begin execution after a fixed planning period, referred to as the planning budget, and execute a fixed number of actions, referred to as the execution window. This results in an iterative process in which a short plan is executed, while the next execution window is planned concurrently. Existing solutions to RT-MAPF iteratively call windowed versions of MAPF algorithms in every planning period, without explicitly considering the size of the planning budget. We address this gap and explore different policies for allocating the planning budget in windowed versions of MAPF-LNS2, a state-of-the-art MAPF algorithm. Our exploration shows that the baseline approach in which all agents draw from a shared planning budget pool is ineffective in challenging scenarios. Instead, policies that intelligently distribute the planning budget among agents are able to solve more problem instances in less time.

路径规划多智能体实时系统

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