arXiv:2507.17000cs.CVcs.LG2025-07

让模型在二分类中更准,通过对比真假类激活图差异。

Divisive Decisions: Improving Salience-Based Training for Generalization in Binary Classification Tasks

  • 同时考虑正确和错误类别对应的激活图,引导模型学习
  • 在多种任务上提升模型泛化能力,最高提升6.8%准确率
  • 适合需要可解释性和鲁棒性的医疗、安全场景应用

现有基于显著性的训练方法通过比较模型输出的类别激活图(CAM)与人类标注的显著性图来提升模型泛化能力。但以往工作忽略了错误类别对应的模型显著性图。本文提出在二分类任务中,真实类与错误类的激活图应在人类识别的关键特征上呈现分歧。基于此假设,设计三种新训练方法,将真/假类模型激活图纳入损失函数,并引入一种后处理工具识别关键特征。在合成人脸检测、生物特征欺骗攻击检测及胸部X光异常分类等多个闭集与开集二分类任务上验证,所提方法相比仅使用真实类激活图的传统方法,显著提升模型泛化性能。代码与模型权重已开源以支持可复现研究。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Existing saliency-guided training approaches improve model generalization by incorporating a loss term that compares the model's class activation map (CAM) for a sample's true-class ({\it i.e.}, correct-label class) against a human reference saliency map. However, prior work has ignored the false-class CAM(s), that is the model's saliency obtained for incorrect-label class. We hypothesize that in binary tasks the true and false CAMs should diverge on the important classification features identified by humans (and reflected in human saliency maps). We use this hypothesis to motivate three new saliency-guided training methods incorporating both true- and false-class model's CAM into the training strategy and a novel post-hoc tool for identifying important features. We evaluate all introduced methods on several diverse binary close-set and open-set classification tasks, including synthetic face detection, biometric presentation attack detection, and classification of anomalies in chest X-ray scans, and find that the proposed methods improve generalization capabilities of deep learning models over traditional (true-class CAM only) saliency-guided training approaches. We offer source codes and model weights\footnote{GitHub repository link removed to preserve anonymity} to support reproducible research.

二分类可解释性泛化能力

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