arXiv:2507.17015cs.CLcs.AI2025-07ACL被引 11

用外部工具提升大模型评分的准确性,尤其在事实、数学和代码任务中。

Can External Validation Tools Improve Annotation Quality for LLM-as-a-Judge?

  • 引入可调用网络搜索和代码执行的智能体系统,减少模型自身知识偏差。
  • 在三个挑战性任务中,使用外部工具后评分准确率显著提升。
  • 适合关注模型评估可靠性的研究人员和开发高可信评分系统的团队。

成对比较模型输出是评估和反馈大型语言模型的常用方法。给定同一输入的两个回答,人工或AI标注者选择更优者。该方法在难以定义硬编码指标的领域(如聊天质量)中尤为有用。然而,在涉及大量事实陈述的任务中,标注者可能更看重写作质量而非事实准确性。本文提出一种使用外部工具的智能体系统,以提升长篇事实、数学和代码任务的标注质量。该系统通过网络搜索和代码执行进行外部验证,独立于大模型内部知识与偏见。我们在三个目标领域及通用标注任务上进行了广泛实验,使用RewardBench(含AlpacaEval和LLMBar)、RewardMath以及三个新构建的饱和数据集。结果表明,外部工具在多数情况下能提升性能,但并非全部场景有效。实验还揭示性能对提示设计等简单参数敏感,凸显了构建非饱和标注基准的重要性。代码已开源:https://github.com/apple/ml-agent-evaluator。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pairwise preferences over model responses are widely collected to evaluate and provide feedback to large language models (LLMs). Given two alternative model responses to the same input, a human or AI annotator selects the "better" response. This approach can provide feedback for domains where other hard-coded metrics are difficult to obtain (e.g., chat response quality), thereby helping model evaluation or training. However, for some domains high-quality pairwise comparisons can be tricky to obtain - from AI and humans. For example, for responses with many factual statements, annotators may disproportionately weigh writing quality rather than underlying facts. In this work, we explore augmenting standard AI annotator systems with additional tools to improve performance on three challenging response domains: long-form factual, math and code tasks. We propose a tool-using agentic system to provide higher quality feedback on these domains. Our system uses web-search and code execution to ground itself based on external validation, independent of the LLM's internal knowledge and biases. We provide extensive experimental results evaluating our method across the three targeted response domains as well as general annotation tasks, using RewardBench (incl. AlpacaEval and LLMBar), RewardMath, as well as three new datasets for domains with saturated pre-existing datasets. Our results indicate that external tools can indeed improve performance in many, but not all, cases. More generally, our experiments highlight the sensitivity of performance to simple parameters (e.g., prompt) and the need for improved (non-saturated) annotator benchmarks. We share our code at https://github.com/apple/ml-agent-evaluator.

大模型评估外部工具标注质量

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