arXiv:2507.18073cs.LG2025-07被引 1

将大模型权重压缩10倍,实现1.6比特低精度量化仍保持高准确率。

Squeeze10-LLM: Squeezing LLMs' Weights by 10 Times via a Staged Mixed-Precision Quantization Method

  • 分阶段混合精度量化,80%权重转1比特,20%保留4比特。
  • 在六项零样本分类任务上准确率从43%提升至56%。
  • 创新性引入激活鲁棒性和信息保全机制,减少误差累积。

部署大型语言模型(LLMs)因参数量巨大和计算成本高而面临挑战。超低比特量化可显著降低存储需求并加速推理,但极端压缩(平均比特数≤2)常导致性能严重下降。为此,我们提出Squeeze10-LLM,有效将16位LLM权重压缩10倍。该方法为分阶段混合精度后训练量化(PTQ)框架,通过将80%权重量化至1比特、20%至4比特,实现平均每权重1.6比特。核心创新包括:后二值化激活鲁棒性(PBAR),改进权重重要性评估以考虑量化对激活的影响;全信息激活监督(FIAS),在量化过程中保留完整激活信息,缓解层间误差累积。在LLaMA与LLaMA2上的实验表明,Squeeze10-LLM在子2比特权重量化中达到当前最佳性能,六项零样本分类任务平均准确率由43%提升至56%,显著优于现有PTQ方法。代码将在发表后公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deploying large language models (LLMs) is challenging due to their massive parameters and high computational costs. Ultra low-bit quantization can significantly reduce storage and accelerate inference, but extreme compression (i.e., mean bit-width <= 2) often leads to severe performance degradation. To address this, we propose Squeeze10-LLM, effectively "squeezing" 16-bit LLMs' weights by 10 times. Specifically, Squeeze10-LLM is a staged mixed-precision post-training quantization (PTQ) framework and achieves an average of 1.6 bits per weight by quantizing 80% of the weights to 1 bit and 20% to 4 bits. We introduce Squeeze10LLM with two key innovations: Post-Binarization Activation Robustness (PBAR) and Full Information Activation Supervision (FIAS). PBAR is a refined weight significance metric that accounts for the impact of quantization on activations, improving accuracy in low-bit settings. FIAS is a strategy that preserves full activation information during quantization to mitigate cumulative error propagation across layers. Experiments on LLaMA and LLaMA2 show that Squeeze10-LLM achieves state-of-the-art performance for sub-2bit weight-only quantization, improving average accuracy from 43% to 56% on six zero-shot classification tasks--a significant boost over existing PTQ methods. Our code will be released upon publication.

量化大模型压缩低比特LLM

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