arXiv:2507.18541cs.CV2025-07被引 5

无需精确初始位姿,快速实现数百张户外图像的高精度3D重建。

Unposed 3DGS Reconstruction with Probabilistic Procrustes Mapping

  • 分块处理海量图像,用概率化普罗克鲁斯特斯映射全局对齐点云与相机位姿。
  • 在Waymo和KITTI数据集上,分钟级完成数百张图像的重建,精度领先现有方法。
  • 适合大规模户外场景重建,尤其适用于缺乏初始位姿的开放环境应用。

3D高斯泼溅(3DGS)已成为3D表示的核心技术,其性能高度依赖精确的相机位姿和准确的点云初始化,通常由预训练的多视图立体(MVS)模型提供。然而,在数百张户外图像的无姿态重建任务中,现有MVS模型面临内存限制,且随着输入图像数量增加,精度下降。为此,我们提出一种新颖的无姿态3DGS重建框架,融合预训练MVS先验与概率化普罗克鲁斯特斯映射策略。该方法将输入图像划分为子集,将子地图映射至全局空间,并联合优化几何与位姿。技术上,我们将数千万个点云的映射建模为概率化普罗克鲁斯特斯问题,通过闭式解求解对齐。结合概率耦合与软尘箱机制剔除不确定对应关系,可在分钟内实现数百张图像的全局点云与位姿对齐。此外,我们提出了3DGS与相机位姿的联合优化框架:基于置信度感知的锚点构建高斯,集成3DGS可微渲染与解析雅可比,共同优化场景与位姿,实现高精度重建与位姿估计。在Waymo与KITTI数据集上的实验表明,本方法能从无姿态图像序列中实现高精度重建,显著优于现有方法,达到无姿态3DGS重建的新基准。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a core technique for 3D representation. Its effectiveness largely depends on precise camera poses and accurate point cloud initialization, which are often derived from pretrained Multi-View Stereo (MVS) models. However, in unposed reconstruction task from hundreds of outdoor images, existing MVS models may struggle with memory limits and lose accuracy as the number of input images grows. To address this limitation, we propose a novel unposed 3DGS reconstruction framework that integrates pretrained MVS priors with the probabilistic Procrustes mapping strategy. The method partitions input images into subsets, maps submaps into a global space, and jointly optimizes geometry and poses with 3DGS. Technically, we formulate the mapping of tens of millions of point clouds as a probabilistic Procrustes problem and solve a closed-form alignment. By employing probabilistic coupling along with a soft dustbin mechanism to reject uncertain correspondences, our method globally aligns point clouds and poses within minutes across hundreds of images. Moreover, we propose a joint optimization framework for 3DGS and camera poses. It constructs Gaussians from confidence-aware anchor points and integrates 3DGS differentiable rendering with an analytical Jacobian to jointly refine scene and poses, enabling accurate reconstruction and pose estimation. Experiments on Waymo and KITTI datasets show that our method achieves accurate reconstruction from unposed image sequences, setting a new state of the art for unposed 3DGS reconstruction.

3D重建高斯泼溅位姿估计无姿态重建

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