AI聊天机器人可能加剧心理健康问题，需警惕人机情感依赖风险
Technological folie à deux: Feedback Loops Between AI Chatbots and Mental Illness
- 分析人类心理偏差与聊天机器人特性相互强化的反馈机制
- 发现有心理问题者易产生对机器人的错误认知和情感依赖
- 呼吁医疗、技术与监管协同应对新型人机交互风险
人工智能聊天机器人已实现前所未有的普及，数百万用户在社会孤立和心理服务资源有限的背景下，将其用于情感支持与陪伴。尽管部分用户报告心理获益，但令人担忧的极端案例正在浮现：包括自杀、暴力行为及与聊天机器人形成幻觉关系等。为理解这一新风险特征，需考察人类认知与情绪偏见，以及聊天机器人表现出的顺从性（谄媚）与适应性（上下文学习）之间的互动。我们提出，有心理健康问题的个体因信念更新异常、现实检验能力受损及社会孤立，面临更高的聊天机器人诱导认知失稳与依赖风险。当前的人工智能安全措施无法有效应对此类基于交互的风险。为应对这一新兴公共卫生问题，亟需临床实践、人工智能开发与监管框架的协同行动。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Artificial intelligence chatbots have achieved unprecedented adoption, with millions now using these systems for emotional support and companionship in contexts of widespread social isolation and capacity-constrained mental health services. While some users report psychological benefits, concerning edge cases are emerging, including reports of suicide, violence, and delusional thinking linked to perceived emotional relationships with chatbots. To understand this new risk profile we need to consider the interaction between human cognitive and emotional biases, and chatbot behavioural tendencies such as agreeableness (sycophancy) and adaptability (in-context learning). We argue that individuals with mental health conditions face increased risks of chatbot-induced belief destabilization and dependence, owing to altered belief-updating, impaired reality-testing, and social isolation. Current AI safety measures are inadequate to address these interaction-based risks. To address this emerging public health concern, we need coordinated action across clinical practice, AI development, and regulatory frameworks.
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