arXiv:2507.19524cs.LG2025-07

用可学习边的KAN结构改进医学信号自动编码器,提升重建与异常检测效果。

Kolmogorov Arnold Network Autoencoder in Medicine

  • 将可学习激活函数置于网络边,构建KAN自动编码器替代传统MLP/卷积结构。
  • 在心音数据上实现5项任务,均优于参数相当的传统自动编码器,尤其在去噪和异常检测中表现突出。
  • 适合医疗信号处理、医学图像/时序分析研究者参考,推动神经网络结构创新。

深度学习中的多层感知机(MLP)和卷积块仍是当前研究的核心架构。从拓扑角度看,这些结构可表示为图,其中节点学习函数,固定边传递信息。近期提出的柯尔莫戈洛夫-阿诺德网络(KAN)通过将可学习激活函数置于网络边上,显著提升了多个场景下的性能。现有研究致力于优化KAN结构,引入了丢弃正则化、自动编码器(AE)、模型基准测试以及最新的KAN卷积网络(KCN),后者实现了基于KAN的矩阵卷积学习。本研究旨在对比多种经典自动编码器(线性、卷积、变分)与其同规模或更少参数的柯尔莫戈洛夫-阿诺德版本。以心脏听诊音频信号为输入,共开展五类经典自动编码任务:重构、生成、去噪、插补和异常检测。实验使用医学数据集 *AbnormalHeartbeat*,验证了所提方法在医疗信号处理中的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deep learning neural networks architectures such Multi Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and Convolutional blocks still play a crucial role in nowadays research advancements. From a topological point of view, these architecture may be represented as graphs in which we learn the functions related to the nodes while fixed edges convey the information from the input to the output. A recent work introduced a new architecture called Kolmogorov Arnold Networks (KAN) that reports how putting learnable activation functions on the edges of the neural network leads to better performances in multiple scenarios. Multiple studies are focusing on optimizing the KAN architecture by adding important features such as dropout regularization, Autoencoders (AE), model benchmarking and last, but not least, the KAN Convolutional Network (KCN) that introduced matrix convolution with KANs learning. This study aims to benchmark multiple versions of vanilla AEs (such as Linear, Convolutional and Variational) against their Kolmogorov-Arnold counterparts that have same or less number of parameters. Using cardiological signals as model input, a total of five different classic AE tasks were studied: reconstruction, generation, denoising, inpainting and anomaly detection. The proposed experiments uses a medical dataset \textit{AbnormalHeartbeat} that contains audio signals obtained from the stethoscope.

医学信号KAN自动编码器心音分析

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