用大模型自动发现并修复网页无障碍缺陷,提升网页包容性。
AccessGuru: Leveraging LLMs to Detect and Correct Web Accessibility Violations in HTML Code
- 基于三类缺陷分类,用大模型结合检测工具识别问题
- 在真实网页数据上使缺陷评分平均降低84%,超前代方法一倍
- 适合网页开发者和无障碍团队快速提升页面可访问性
绝大多数网页未符合主流无障碍标准,排除了不同能力用户对内容的使用。让网页对所有人可用需要专业技能和额外人工投入。为降低开发成本、促进包容性,我们旨在自动检测并修正HTML代码中的无障碍违规问题。尽管先前工作在检测部分违规方面取得进展,但自动检测与修复仍是开放挑战。我们提出一个新分类体系,将网页无障碍违规分为语法、语义和布局三类,为检测与修复方法提供结构化基础,并重新定义评估指标。我们提出AccessGuru方法,结合现有测试工具与大语言模型(LLMs),通过分类引导的提示策略修复三类问题。为评估能力,我们构建了一个真实世界无障碍违规基准。该基准量化语法与布局合规性,并通过与人工专家修正对比评估语义准确性。在基准上的评估显示,AccessGuru实现最高84%的平均违规分数下降,显著优于此前最多50%的性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The vast majority of Web pages fail to comply with established Web accessibility guidelines, excluding a range of users with diverse abilities from interacting with their content. Making Web pages accessible to all users requires dedicated expertise and additional manual efforts from Web page providers. To lower their efforts and promote inclusiveness, we aim to automatically detect and correct Web accessibility violations in HTML code. While previous work has made progress in detecting certain types of accessibility violations, the problem of automatically detecting and correcting accessibility violations remains an open challenge that we address. We introduce a novel taxonomy classifying Web accessibility violations into three key categories - Syntactic, Semantic, and Layout. This taxonomy provides a structured foundation for developing our detection and correction method and redefining evaluation metrics. We propose a novel method, AccessGuru, which combines existing accessibility testing tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) to detect violations and applies taxonomy-driven prompting strategies to correct all three categories. To evaluate these capabilities, we develop a benchmark of real-world Web accessibility violations. Our benchmark quantifies syntactic and layout compliance and judges semantic accuracy through comparative analysis with human expert corrections. Evaluation against our benchmark shows that AccessGuru achieves up to 84% average violation score decrease, significantly outperforming prior methods that achieve at most 50%.
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