用异构硬件高效部署AI智能体,降低总体拥有成本。
Efficient and Scalable Agentic AI with Heterogeneous Systems
- 基于成本模型规划智能体执行图,适配不同硬件资源
- 通过MLIR编译系统将任务拆解并生成多硬件代码
- 动态调度跨异构设备组件,满足端到端服务等级协议
AI智能体正成为广泛应用中的主导工作负载,其动态且结构复杂的特性要求新型部署架构。与传统静态推理不同,智能体通常表现为包含多模态输入、向量数据库查询、多个大模型推理和工具调用的有向图。为实现可扩展的智能体服务,本文提出一种在异构计算基础设施(包括不同厂商及同厂商多性能层级的CPU与加速器)上动态编排智能体工作负载的系统设计。该系统包含:基于算力、内存和带宽约束的成本模型,用于优化智能体执行图;基于MLIR的表示与编译框架,可将执行图分解为细粒度操作并生成多硬件目标代码;以及动态编排系统,可在异构资源间分配细粒度组件并保证端到端SLA。系统实现全生命周期总拥有成本(TCO)优化,初步结果表明,使用旧代GPU与新加速器混合配置,可达到与最新一代同质化GPU相当的TCO,可能延长现有基础设施服役周期。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI agents are emerging as a dominant workload in a wide range of applications, promising to be the vehicle that delivers the promised benefits of AI to enterprises and consumers. Unlike conventional software or static inference, agentic workloads are dynamic and structurally complex. Often these agents are directed graphs of compute and IO operations that span multi-modal data input and conversion), data processing and context gathering (e.g vector DB lookups), multiple LLM inferences, tool calls, etc. To scale AI agent usage, we need efficient and scalable deployment and agent-serving infrastructure. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we present a system design for dynamic orchestration of AI agent workloads on heterogeneous compute infrastructure spanning CPUs and accelerators, both from different vendors and across different performance tiers within a single vendor. The system delivers several building blocks: a framework for planning and optimizing agentic AI execution graphs using cost models that account for compute, memory, and bandwidth constraints of different HW; a MLIR based representation and compilation system that can decompose AI agent execution graphs into granular operators and generate code for different HW options; and a dynamic orchestration system that can place the granular components across a heterogeneous compute infrastructure and stitch them together while meeting an end-to-end SLA. Our design performs a systems level TCO optimization and preliminary results show that leveraging a heterogeneous infrastructure can deliver significant TCO benefits. A preliminary surprising finding is that for some workloads a heterogeneous combination of older generation GPUs with newer accelerators can deliver similar TCO as the latest generation homogenous GPU infrastructure design, potentially extending the life of deployed infrastructure.
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