通过加速特征学习,缓解神经网络对早期数据的依赖问题。
What Can Grokking Teach Us About Learning Under Nonstationarity?
- 用提升有效学习率的方法诱导特征学习动态
- 在多种场景下提升泛化能力并改善过时数据适应性
- 适合研究持续学习与模型抗遗忘机制的读者
在持续学习中,当数据分布随时间变化时,需更新神经网络的表征;但模型常表现出初始数据偏好(primacy bias),阻碍后续任务泛化。已有研究发现,特征学习动态是‘领悟’现象(grokking)的核心——模型先记忆数据,后才实现完美泛化。本文推测,正是这种动态也支撑了覆盖旧知识的能力。为此,提出通过增加有效学习率(参数与更新范数比值)来主动诱导特征学习过程。实验表明,该方法在多种场景中均能促进特征学习、增强泛化,包括领悟现象、神经网络冷启动训练及强化学习任务。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In continual learning problems, it is often necessary to overwrite components of a neural network's learned representation in response to changes in the data stream; however, neural networks often exhibit \primacy bias, whereby early training data hinders the network's ability to generalize on later tasks. While feature-learning dynamics of nonstationary learning problems are not well studied, the emergence of feature-learning dynamics is known to drive the phenomenon of grokking, wherein neural networks initially memorize their training data and only later exhibit perfect generalization. This work conjectures that the same feature-learning dynamics which facilitate generalization in grokking also underlie the ability to overwrite previous learned features as well, and methods which accelerate grokking by facilitating feature-learning dynamics are promising candidates for addressing primacy bias in non-stationary learning problems. We then propose a straightforward method to induce feature-learning dynamics as needed throughout training by increasing the effective learning rate, i.e. the ratio between parameter and update norms. We show that this approach both facilitates feature-learning and improves generalization in a variety of settings, including grokking, warm-starting neural network training, and reinforcement learning tasks.
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