arXiv:2507.20282cs.RO2025-07中稿 · IROS2025, video li…被引 1

用触觉信号生成肋间超声扫描路径,提升机器人超声精准度。

Tactile-Guided Robotic Ultrasound: Mapping Preplanned Scan Paths for Intercostal Imaging

  • 通过触觉信号提取肋骨点云,替代依赖图像的骨骼分割。
  • 扫描路径映射误差仅3.41mm,骨下结构重建误差0.69mm。
  • 适合需高精度超声导航的临床场景,如肋间穿刺或成像。

医学超声因其便携、实时且无辐射等优点被广泛应用于临床检查。为减少操作者间差异,机器人超声系统日益受到关注。然而,受限于声窗狭窄,其在肋间成像中的应用仍受制于缺乏有效的扫描路径生成方法。为此,本文探索利用触觉线索表征皮下肋骨结构,作为无需图像分割的骨骼表面点云提取新方式。相较于二维超声图像,一维触觉信号具有更高处理效率且更抗声学噪声与伪影。结合机器人跟踪数据,通过沿肋骨少量扫描即可生成稀疏触觉点云,模拟人工触诊。为鲁棒地将扫描轨迹映射至肋间空间,先对稀疏点云进行插值生成稠密表示,再与基于图像的密集骨骼表面点云配准,实现个体化扫描路径映射。此外,为确保目标结构全覆盖,引入自动倾斜角调整方法以可视化骨下结构。在四个不同仿体上的实验验证表明,最终扫描路径映射的平均最近邻距离(MNND)和豪斯多夫距离(HD)误差分别为3.41 mm和3.65 mm;骨下结构重建误差相对于CT真值为0.69 mm和2.2 mm。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Medical ultrasound (US) imaging is widely used in clinical examinations due to its portability, real-time capability, and radiation-free nature. To address inter- and intra-operator variability, robotic ultrasound systems have gained increasing attention. However, their application in challenging intercostal imaging remains limited due to the lack of an effective scan path generation method within the constrained acoustic window. To overcome this challenge, we explore the potential of tactile cues for characterizing subcutaneous rib structures as an alternative signal for ultrasound segmentation-free bone surface point cloud extraction. Compared to 2D US images, 1D tactile-related signals offer higher processing efficiency and are less susceptible to acoustic noise and artifacts. By leveraging robotic tracking data, a sparse tactile point cloud is generated through a few scans along the rib, mimicking human palpation. To robustly map the scanning trajectory into the intercostal space, the sparse tactile bone location point cloud is first interpolated to form a denser representation. This refined point cloud is then registered to an image-based dense bone surface point cloud, enabling accurate scan path mapping for individual patients. Additionally, to ensure full coverage of the object of interest, we introduce an automated tilt angle adjustment method to visualize structures beneath the bone. To validate the proposed method, we conducted comprehensive experiments on four distinct phantoms. The final scanning waypoint mapping achieved Mean Nearest Neighbor Distance (MNND) and Hausdorff distance (HD) errors of 3.41 mm and 3.65 mm, respectively, while the reconstructed object beneath the bone had errors of 0.69 mm and 2.2 mm compared to the CT ground truth.

机器人超声触觉感知肋间成像路径规划

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