提出新型超图主动学习框架,用影响力最大化提升标注效率。
HIAL: A New Paradigm for Hypergraph Active Learning via Influence Maximization
- 将超图主动学习转化为影响力最大化问题,保留高阶结构信息。
- 双视角影响函数在7个数据集上显著优于现有方法。
- 适合需要高效标注高阶关系数据的研究者使用。
近年来,超图神经网络(HNNs)在处理具有高阶交互的复杂系统方面展现出巨大潜力。然而,获取大规模高质量标签数据成本高昂,使得主动学习(AL)成为关键。现有图主动学习(GAL)方法应用于超图时,常依赖“团展开”等技术,破坏了超图成功所依赖的高阶结构信息,导致性能不佳。为此,我们提出专为超图设计的原生主动学习框架HIAL(Hypergraph Active Learning)。创新性地将超图主动学习(HAL)问题重新建模为影响力最大化任务。其核心是基于新型‘高阶交互感知(HOI-Aware)’传播机制的双视角影响函数,协同评估节点在特征空间的覆盖度(幅度影响,MoI)和拓扑影响力(期望扩散值,EDV)。我们证明该目标函数单调且次模,支持高效的贪心算法,并具备(1-1/e)的理论近似保证。在七个公开数据集上的大量实验表明,HIAL在性能、效率、通用性和鲁棒性方面均显著优于最先进基线,建立了一种高效强大的超图主动学习新范式。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In recent years, Hypergraph Neural Networks (HNNs) have demonstrated immense potential in handling complex systems with high-order interactions. However, acquiring large-scale, high-quality labeled data for these models is costly, making Active Learning (AL) a critical technique. Existing Graph Active Learning (GAL) methods, when applied to hypergraphs, often rely on techniques like "clique expansion," which destroys the high-order structural information crucial to a hypergraph's success, thereby leading to suboptimal performance. To address this challenge, we introduce HIAL (Hypergraph Active Learning), a native active learning framework designed specifically for hypergraphs. We innovatively reformulate the Hypergraph Active Learning (HAL) problem as an Influence Maximization task. The core of HIAL is a dual-perspective influence function that, based on our novel "High-Order Interaction-Aware (HOI-Aware)" propagation mechanism, synergistically evaluates a node's feature-space coverage (via Magnitude of Influence, MoI) and its topological influence (via Expected Diffusion Value, EDV). We prove that this objective function is monotone and submodular, thus enabling the use of an efficient greedy algorithm with a formal (1-1/e) approximation guarantee. Extensive experiments on seven public datasets demonstrate that HIAL significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in terms of performance, efficiency, generality, and robustness, establishing an efficient and powerful new paradigm for active learning on hypergraphs.
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