arXiv:2507.20499cs.LGcs.AI2025-07中稿 · ECAI 2025被引 7

用近邻法指导扩散模型,让少样本目标域也能高效利用源数据。

DmC: Nearest Neighbor Guidance Diffusion Model for Offline Cross-domain Reinforcement Learning

  • 用k-近邻无训练估计领域距离,避免神经网络过拟合。
  • 生成更贴近目标域的源数据,在少样本下性能超越现有方法。
  • 适合数据稀缺、跨域迁移场景,尤其适用于真实世界小数据应用。

跨域离线强化学习旨在通过利用额外的离线源数据集提升离线强化学习的样本效率。其核心挑战在于识别并利用与目标域最相关的源样本。现有方法通常通过领域分类器、目标转移动态建模或对比损失下的互信息估计来衡量领域差距,但这些方法往往需要大量目标数据,不适用于许多现实场景。本文在目标数据受限条件下研究跨域离线强化学习,提出两大挑战:(1)数据不平衡——源数据量大而目标数据量小,导致基于神经网络的领域差距估计器过拟合,产生无效度量;(2)部分领域重叠——仅有源数据子集与目标域高度对齐。为此,我们提出DmC框架,采用无需训练的k-近邻(k-NN)估计领域相似性,有效缓解过拟合问题。随后,基于该相似性,引入近邻引导的扩散模型生成更贴合目标域的源样本,从而提升策略学习效果。通过理论分析和在多种MuJoCo环境中的广泛实验,证明DmC显著优于当前最先进的跨域离线强化学习方法,实现显著性能提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cross-domain offline reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to enhance sample efficiency in offline RL by utilizing additional offline source datasets. A key challenge is to identify and utilize source samples that are most relevant to the target domain. Existing approaches address this challenge by measuring domain gaps through domain classifiers, target transition dynamics modeling, or mutual information estimation using contrastive loss. However, these methods often require large target datasets, which is impractical in many real-world scenarios. In this work, we address cross-domain offline RL under a limited target data setting, identifying two primary challenges: (1) Dataset imbalance, which is caused by large source and small target datasets and leads to overfitting in neural network-based domain gap estimators, resulting in uninformative measurements; and (2) Partial domain overlap, where only a subset of the source data is closely aligned with the target domain. To overcome these issues, we propose DmC, a novel framework for cross-domain offline RL with limited target samples. Specifically, DmC utilizes $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) based estimation to measure domain proximity without neural network training, effectively mitigating overfitting. Then, by utilizing this domain proximity, we introduce a nearest-neighbor-guided diffusion model to generate additional source samples that are better aligned with the target domain, thus enhancing policy learning with more effective source samples. Through theoretical analysis and extensive experiments in diverse MuJoCo environments, we demonstrate that DmC significantly outperforms state-of-the-art cross-domain offline RL methods, achieving substantial performance gains.

强化学习跨域迁移扩散模型少样本

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