22个前沿AI代理在真实场景中被180万次攻击测试,发现几乎全都会违规。
Security Challenges in AI Agent Deployment: Insights from a Large Scale Public Competition
- 通过大规模红队测试,发现攻击者只需10-100次提问就能让多数代理违规。
- 6万多次成功攻击涉及数据泄露、非法交易等严重安全问题。
- 新发布的ART基准可复现高危攻击,适合安全研究人员和模型开发者使用。
近期进展使大语言模型驱动的AI代理能自主执行复杂任务,结合推理、工具、记忆与网络访问能力。但这些系统在真实环境中是否可信?我们开展了迄今最大的公开红队竞赛,针对22个前沿AI代理,在44个真实部署场景中进行测试。参与者提交了180万次提示注入攻击,其中超过6万次成功诱使代理违反政策,如未经授权的数据访问、非法金融行为及监管不合规。基于结果,我们构建了Agent Red Teaming(ART)基准,包含一系列高影响力攻击,并在19个主流模型上评估。几乎所有代理在10至100次查询内即出现政策违规,攻击跨模型、跨任务具有高度可迁移性。值得注意的是,代理鲁棒性与模型规模、能力或推理计算量关联甚微,表明需额外防御机制应对恶意滥用。研究揭示当前AI代理存在关键且持续的安全漏洞。通过发布ART基准与配套评估框架,我们旨在推动更严格的安全部署评估,促进更安全的代理发展。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic environments, especially under attack? To investigate, we ran the largest public red-teaming competition to date, targeting 22 frontier AI agents across 44 realistic deployment scenarios. Participants submitted 1.8 million prompt-injection attacks, with over 60,000 successfully eliciting policy violations such as unauthorized data access, illicit financial actions, and regulatory noncompliance. We use these results to build the Agent Red Teaming (ART) benchmark - a curated set of high-impact attacks - and evaluate it across 19 state-of-the-art models. Nearly all agents exhibit policy violations for most behaviors within 10-100 queries, with high attack transferability across models and tasks. Importantly, we find limited correlation between agent robustness and model size, capability, or inference-time compute, suggesting that additional defenses are needed against adversarial misuse. Our findings highlight critical and persistent vulnerabilities in today's AI agents. By releasing the ART benchmark and accompanying evaluation framework, we aim to support more rigorous security assessment and drive progress toward safer agent deployment.
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