arXiv:2507.21382cs.SEcs.AI2025-07被引 3

用多智能体协作自动设计软件架构,生成带评估报告的蓝图。

MAAD: Automate Software Architecture Design through Knowledge-Driven Multi-Agent Collaboration

  • 四类智能体分工协作,基于知识库理解需求并生成架构。
  • 相比MetaGPT,MAAD生成更完整组件与结构化评估报告。
  • 适合需要快速生成高质量架构的团队或初学者使用。

软件架构设计是软件开发中关键且高度复杂、依赖知识的阶段,需深厚领域知识、经验、权衡质量属性,并适应需求变化。传统方法耗时费力,依赖架构师,常导致设计选项有限,尤其在敏捷开发压力下。尽管大语言模型(LLM)在多种软件工程任务中表现良好,但在架构设计中的应用仍较少,尤其面对多样化的领域知识和复杂决策。为此,我们提出MAAD(多智能体架构设计),一种基于知识的多智能体系统框架,通过分析员、建模员、设计师和评估员四类智能体协作,解析需求并生成包含质量属性评估报告的架构蓝图。案例研究与对比实验显示,MAAD在生成全面架构组件和提供深入结构化评估报告方面优于MetaGPT。来自11个实际需求规格的工业架构师反馈进一步验证其可用性。我们还测试了GPT-4o、DeepSeek-R1和Llama 3.3三种LLM在该框架下的表现,发现GPT-4o在生成架构方面更具优势,凸显了在多智能体架构设计中选择合适大模型的重要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Software architecture design is a critical, yet inherently complex and knowledge-intensive phase of software development. It requires deep domain expertise, development experience, architectural knowledge, careful trade-offs among competing quality attributes, and the ability to adapt to evolving requirements. Traditionally, this process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and relies heavily on architects, often resulting in limited design alternatives, especially under the pressures of agile development. While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have shown promising performance across various SE tasks, their application to architecture design remains relatively scarce and requires more exploration, particularly in light of diverse domain knowledge and complex decision-making. To address the challenges, we proposed MAAD (Multi-Agent Architecture Design), an automated framework that employs a knowledge-driven Multi-Agent System (MAS) for architecture design. MAAD orchestrates four specialized agents (i.e., Analyst, Modeler, Designer and Evaluator) to collaboratively interpret requirements specifications and produce architectural blueprints enriched with quality attributes-based evaluation reports. We then evaluated MAAD through a case study and comparative experiments against MetaGPT, a state-of-the-art MAS baseline. Our results show that MAAD's superiority lies in generating comprehensive architectural components and delivering insightful and structured architecture evaluation reports. Feedback from industrial architects across 11 requirements specifications further reinforces MAAD's practical usability. We finally explored the performance of the MAAD framework with three LLMs (GPT-4o, DeepSeek-R1, and Llama 3.3) and found that GPT-4o exhibits better performance in producing architecture design, emphasizing the importance of LLM selection in MAS-driven architecture design.

架构设计多智能体LLM应用

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