arXiv:2507.21488cs.AI2025-07被引 7

用20局棋就精准模仿个人下棋风格,大幅降低数据需求。

Learning to Imitate with Less: Efficient Individual Behavior Modeling in Chess

  • 基于原型增强模型,分两阶段优化个体行为建模。
  • 仅需20局棋即可高保真预测个人走法与行为模式。
  • 适合个性化AI、小样本用户建模,可拓展至大模型适配。

随着人类希望与人工智能协作、学习并理解其行为,能够准确模仿个体决策的AI变得愈发重要。国际象棋作为长期存在的AI基准,具备精确的能力评估体系,是人机对齐的理想测试平台。然而,现有方法建模人类行为需要每位个体大量数据,难以应用于新用户或数据稀疏的场景。本文提出Maia4All框架,通过两阶段优化实现高效个体行为建模:(1) 增强阶段,利用原型增强模型连接群体与个体层面的行为建模;(2) 普惠阶段,基于能力水平或用户原型初始化并用极少数据微调个体嵌入。实验表明,Maia4All仅需20局棋即可高保真预测个体走法与行为特征,相比此前需5,000局的要求,显著提升数据效率。该工作展示了群体AI系统如何通过原型模型灵活适应个体用户,其方法在大语言模型个性适配案例中亦得到验证,具有广泛推广潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As humans seek to collaborate with, learn from, and better understand artificial intelligence systems, developing AIs that can accurately emulate individual decision-making becomes increasingly important. Chess, a long-standing AI benchmark with precise skill measurement, offers an ideal testbed for human-AI alignment. However, existing approaches to modeling human behavior require prohibitively large amounts of data from each individual, making them impractical for new or sparsely represented users. In this work, we introduce Maia4All, a framework designed to learn and adapt to individual decision-making styles efficiently, even with limited data. Maia4All achieves this through a two-stage optimization process: (1) an enrichment step, which bridges population and individual-level human behavior modeling with a prototype-enriched model, and (2) a democratization step, which leverages ability levels or user prototypes to initialize and refine individual embeddings with minimal data. Our experimental results show that Maia4All can accurately predict individual moves and profile behavioral patterns with high fidelity, establishing a new standard for personalized human-like AI behavior modeling in chess. Maia4All achieves individual human behavior modeling in chess with only 20 games, compared to the 5,000 games required previously, representing a significant improvement in data efficiency. Our work provides an example of how population AI systems can flexibly adapt to individual users using a prototype-enriched model as a bridge. This approach extends beyond chess, as shown in our case study on idiosyncratic LLMs, highlighting its potential for broader applications in personalized AI adaptation.

个性化建模小样本学习国际象棋AI原型模型

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