通过真人骑车与自动驾驶车闭环互动,真实测试两者交互安全性。
Evaluating Interactions between Automated Vehicles and Cyclists using a coupled In-the-Loop Test Environment
- 用虚拟环境连接真人骑车者与实车自动驾驶系统,实现双向实时交互。
- 在三种驾驶场景下,实车轨迹与虚拟环境结果高度一致,验证了可行性。
- 适合自动驾驶安全评估、人机交互研究者参考,尤其关注骑行者安全。
测试和评估自动化驾驶系统(ADS)与脆弱道路使用者(如骑行者)的交互对提升其安全性至关重要,但现有方法常缺乏真实性。本文提出并验证了一种耦合式在环测试环境,将骑行者在环测试平台与车辆在环测试平台通过Unreal Engine 5构建的虚拟环境(VE)相连。该设置实现了真实人类骑行者与真实自动驾驶车辆在安全可控条件下的闭环、双向交互。自动驾驶车辆通过模拟摄像头输入响应骑行者手势,而骑行者在静止自行车上实时感知并响应虚拟环境中的车辆。使用具备跟踪跟随功能的真实自动驾驶接驳巴士,在实测场地与耦合在环环境中分别执行三项测试动作——直线停车、环形轨道行驶及双车道变道。通过对比两种环境下车辆轨迹评估性能,并测量各组件引入的延迟。结果表明该方法具有可行性,并揭示其在真实评估中的优势与局限。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Testing and evaluating automated driving systems (ADS) in interactions with vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as cyclists, are essential for improving the safety of VRUs, but often lack realism. This paper presents and validates a coupled in-the-loop test environment that integrates a Cyclist-in-the Loop test bench with a Vehicle-in-the-Loop test bench via a virtual environment (VE) developed in Unreal Engine 5. The setup enables closed-loop, bidirectional interaction between a real human cyclist and a real automated vehicle under safe and controllable conditions. The automated vehicle reacts to cyclist gestures via stimulated camera input, while the cyclist, riding a stationary bicycle, perceives and reacts to the vehicle in the VE in real time. Validation experiments are conducted using a real automated shuttle bus with a track-and-follow function, performing three test maneuvers - straight-line driving with stop, circular track driving, and double lane change - on a proving ground and in the coupled in-the-loop test environment. The performance is evaluated by comparing the resulting vehicle trajectories in both environments. Additionally, the introduced latencies of individual components in the test setup are measured. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and highlight its strengths and limitations for realistic ADS evaluation.
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