arXiv:2507.22010math.ATcs.AI2025-07被引 2

发现强化学习模型的隐空间具有分层结构,维度随行为动态变化。

Exploring the Stratified Space Structure of an RL Game with the Volume Growth Transform

  • 用体积增长变换分析视觉输入的嵌入空间,发现其为分层结构。
  • 隐空间局部维度随策略执行在低维与高维间交替变化。
  • 该分层结构可作为强化学习复杂度的新几何指标,适合对模型内部机制感兴趣者。

本文研究了基于Transformer的近端策略优化(PPO)模型在特定强化学习(RL)游戏中的嵌入空间结构。该环境要求智能体收集'硬币'并避开由'聚光灯'构成的动态障碍物。通过将罗宾逊等人对大语言模型的体积增长变换方法拓展至强化学习场景,我们发现该视觉金币收集游戏的令牌嵌入空间并非流形,更宜建模为分层空间,其局部维度在不同点处可变。我们进一步证明,一般性的体积增长曲线可由分层空间实现。分析显示,当智能体行动时,其潜在表示会在低局部维度阶段(遵循固定子策略)与高局部维度阶段(达成子目标或环境复杂性增加)之间交替。因此,本工作表明分层潜在空间的维度分布可能成为强化学习游戏复杂度的新几何指标。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In this work, we explore the structure of the embedding space of a transformer model trained for playing a particular reinforcement learning (RL) game. Specifically, we investigate how a transformer-based Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) model embeds visual inputs in a simple environment where an agent must collect "coins" while avoiding dynamic obstacles consisting of "spotlights." By adapting Robinson et al.'s study of the volume growth transform for LLMs to the RL setting, we find that the token embedding space for our visual coin collecting game is also not a manifold, and is better modeled as a stratified space, where local dimension can vary from point to point. We further strengthen Robinson's method by proving that fairly general volume growth curves can be realized by stratified spaces. Finally, we carry out an analysis that suggests that as an RL agent acts, its latent representation alternates between periods of low local dimension, while following a fixed sub-strategy, and bursts of high local dimension, where the agent achieves a sub-goal (e.g., collecting an object) or where the environmental complexity increases (e.g., more obstacles appear). Consequently, our work suggests that the distribution of dimensions in a stratified latent space may provide a new geometric indicator of complexity for RL games.

强化学习分层空间隐空间分析几何表示

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