用强化学习让小卫星自主决策,减少对地面控制依赖。
Toward Trusted Onboard AI: Advancing Small Satellite Operations using Reinforcement Learning
- 用高阶指令强化学习,根据实时数据自动调整姿态。
- 在数字孪生环境训练后,安全验证算法在轨表现。
- 为航天器可信AI提供可复用的自主控制范式。
本文为一颗3U立方星开发了一种用于命令自动化的强化学习(RL)算法,重点实现宏控制动作的强化学习,即由星上智能体基于实时遥测信息生成高阶动作(如太阳定向姿态调整),再转化为底层控制指令执行。该方法不仅针对特定卫星开发了强化学习算法,更开创了可信人工智能在星载系统中集成的先例。研究基于三项前期工作:(1)生成可执行低阶指令的高层命令强化学习;(2)将AI推理模型部署于实际运行系统,特别是星载平台;(3)构建远程自主应用中对AI系统的信任机制。现有卫星控制强化学习多局限于仿真实验,本文通过构建特定航天器的数字孪生系统,在仿真环境中训练代理以发出宏观动作,并将训练得到的策略复制到隔离环境,仅输入编译后的卫星状态信息进行推理预测,从而在不赋予其命令权限的前提下验证算法有效性,确保行为在预期参数范围内。该流程支持算法预测与真实卫星行为的安全比对。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A RL (Reinforcement Learning) algorithm was developed for command automation onboard a 3U CubeSat. This effort focused on the implementation of macro control action RL, a technique in which an onboard agent is provided with compiled information based on live telemetry as its observation. The agent uses this information to produce high-level actions, such as adjusting attitude to solar pointing, which are then translated into control algorithms and executed through lower-level instructions. Once trust in the onboard agent is established, real-time environmental information can be leveraged for faster response times and reduced reliance on ground control. The approach not only focuses on developing an RL algorithm for a specific satellite but also sets a precedent for integrating trusted AI into onboard systems. This research builds on previous work in three areas: (1) RL algorithms for issuing high-level commands that are translated into low-level executable instructions; (2) the deployment of AI inference models interfaced with live operational systems, particularly onboard spacecraft; and (3) strategies for building trust in AI systems, especially for remote and autonomous applications. Existing RL research for satellite control is largely limited to simulation-based experiments; in this work, these techniques are tailored by constructing a digital twin of a specific spacecraft and training the RL agent to issue macro actions in this simulated environment. The policy of the trained agent is copied to an isolated environment, where it is fed compiled information about the satellite to make inference predictions, thereby demonstrating the RL algorithm's validity on orbit without granting it command authority. This process enables safe comparison of the algorithm's predictions against actual satellite behavior and ensures operation within expected parameters.
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