arXiv:2507.22653cs.RO2025-07被引 1

用知识蒸馏让一个控制器通吃多种机器人腿型,性能接近专用控制器。

UniLegs: Universal Multi-Legged Robot Control through Morphology-Agnostic Policy Distillation

  • 先训练各腿型专用控制器,再用蒸馏提取共性策略。
  • 新方法在未见腿型上仍保持72.64%的性能表现。
  • 适合需要通用控制的多形态机器人研发者。

开发能跨多种机器人结构通用的控制器仍是足式行走中的重大挑战。传统方法要么为每种结构定制控制器,要么牺牲性能换取泛化能力。本文提出两阶段教师-学生框架,通过策略蒸馏弥合这一差距:首先为每种腿型训练专用教师策略,捕捉其最优控制模式;随后将这些专长蒸馏至一个基于Transformer的学生策略,使其可控制不同腿配置的机器人。在五种不同腿型上的实验表明,该方法保留了形态特异性最优行为,学生模型在训练过的形态上达到教师性能的94.47%,在未见过的设计上仍达72.64%。对比分析显示,基于Transformer的架构因注意力机制能有效建模不同运动学结构间的关节关系,始终优于MLP基线。我们在真实四足机器人上成功部署,验证了该方法的实用性。本工作为构建通用足式机器人控制器提供了可扩展方案,在保持近最优性能的同时实现跨形态泛化。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Developing controllers that generalize across diverse robot morphologies remains a significant challenge in legged locomotion. Traditional approaches either create specialized controllers for each morphology or compromise performance for generality. This paper introduces a two-stage teacher-student framework that bridges this gap through policy distillation. First, we train specialized teacher policies optimized for individual morphologies, capturing the unique optimal control strategies for each robot design. Then, we distill this specialized expertise into a single Transformer-based student policy capable of controlling robots with varying leg configurations. Our experiments across five distinct legged morphologies demonstrate that our approach preserves morphology-specific optimal behaviors, with the Transformer architecture achieving 94.47% of teacher performance on training morphologies and 72.64% on unseen robot designs. Comparative analysis reveals that Transformer-based architectures consistently outperform MLP baselines by leveraging attention mechanisms to effectively model joint relationships across different kinematic structures. We validate our approach through successful deployment on a physical quadruped robot, demonstrating the practical viability of our morphology-agnostic control framework. This work presents a scalable solution for developing universal legged robot controllers that maintain near-optimal performance while generalizing across diverse morphologies.

机器人控制策略蒸馏Transformer通用控制

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