让智能体学会正确思考过程,提升长任务成功率。
RLVMR: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Meta-Reasoning Rewards for Robust Long-Horizon Agents
- 用可验证的元推理奖励机制,引导智能体优化思考路径。
- 在ALFWorld和ScienceWorld上达83.6%成功率,超越现有方法。
- 适合需要可靠推理与泛化能力的复杂任务研究者。
构建用于复杂长周期任务的自主智能体是人工智能的核心目标。然而,主流强化学习方法仅以最终任务成功为目标,常导致智能体学习到低效或错误的推理路径,我们称之为无效探索。这使得智能体脆弱且难以泛化,因它们学会的是找到答案而非合理思考。为此,我们提出RLVMR框架,通过密集的过程级监督增强端到端强化学习,奖励可验证的元推理行为。该框架使智能体能显式标注其认知步骤(如规划、探索、反思),并基于规则提供程序化奖励,激励有效问题解决行为。这些过程导向奖励与最终结果信号结合,使用无评判器策略梯度方法进行优化。在具有挑战性的ALFWorld和ScienceWorld基准测试中,RLVMR取得新基准性能,7B模型在最困难的未见任务划分上达到83.6%的成功率。分析表明,性能提升源于推理质量改善,包括显著减少冗余动作和增强错误恢复能力,从而生成更鲁棒、高效且可解释的智能体。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success often reinforce flawed or inefficient reasoning paths, a problem we term inefficient exploration. This leads to agents that are brittle and fail to generalize, as they learn to find solutions without learning how to reason coherently. To address this, we introduce RLVMR, a novel framework that integrates dense, process-level supervision into end-to-end RL by rewarding verifiable, meta-reasoning behaviors. RLVMR equips an agent to explicitly tag its cognitive steps, such as planning, exploration, and reflection, and provides programmatic, rule-based rewards for actions that contribute to effective problem-solving. These process-centric rewards are combined with the final outcome signal and optimized using a critic-free policy gradient method. On the challenging ALFWorld and ScienceWorld benchmarks, RLVMR achieves new state-of-the-art results, with our 7B model reaching an 83.6% success rate on the most difficult unseen task split. Our analysis confirms these gains stem from improved reasoning quality, including significant reductions in redundant actions and enhanced error recovery, leading to more robust, efficient, and interpretable agents.
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