arXiv:2507.23077cs.LGcond-mat.mtrl-sci2025-07被引 3

用统一模型预测多种材料的断裂,少样本即可适配新场景。

A Foundation Model for Material Fracture Prediction

  • 基于Transformer的多模态模型,融合文本与网格数据
  • 仅需单样本就能预测未见材料如钛合金、混凝土的断裂
  • 适合需要快速适配新材料或仿真条件的研究者

准确预测材料何时何地失效,对设计安全可靠的结构和部件至关重要。然而,在真实应用中,面对多样材料、几何形状和载荷条件,断裂行为仍难以建模。尽管机器学习有潜力,但多数模型训练数据有限、泛化能力差;而物理模拟器虽精度高,却分散于不同方法,且需大量高性能计算资源。为此,我们提出一种用于断裂预测的数据驱动基础模型:基于Transformer架构,可跨模拟器、多种材料(如塑性粘结炸药、钢、铝、页岩、钨)及不同载荷条件运行。模型支持结构化与非结构化网格,结合大语言模型生成的文本输入嵌入(描述材料属性、边界条件、求解器设置),实现无需修改架构即可灵活适应各类仿真场景。该模型可通过极少数据微调,完成寿命预测、裂纹演化建模及混合有限-离散元法仿真适配。对未见过的材料(如钛、混凝土)也表现出强泛化能力,仅需单一样本即可,显著降低数据需求。结果表明,断裂预测可由单一模型架构统一实现,提供一种可扩展、易拓展的替代方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Accurately predicting when and how materials fail is critical to designing safe, reliable structures, mechanical systems, and engineered components that operate under stress. Yet, fracture behavior remains difficult to model across the diversity of materials, geometries, and loading conditions in real-world applications. While machine learning (ML) methods show promise, most models are trained on narrow datasets, lack robustness, and struggle to generalize. Meanwhile, physics-based simulators offer high-fidelity predictions but are fragmented across specialized methods and require substantial high-performance computing resources to explore the input space. To address these limitations, we present a data-driven foundation model for fracture prediction, a transformer-based architecture that operates across simulators, a wide range of materials (including plastic-bonded explosives, steel, aluminum, shale, and tungsten), and diverse loading conditions. The model supports both structured and unstructured meshes, combining them with large language model embeddings of textual input decks specifying material properties, boundary conditions, and solver settings. This multimodal input design enables flexible adaptation across simulation scenarios without changes to the model architecture. The trained model can be fine-tuned with minimal data on diverse downstream tasks, including time-to-failure estimation, modeling fracture evolution, and adapting to combined finite-discrete element method simulations. It also generalizes to unseen materials such as titanium and concrete, requiring as few as a single sample, dramatically reducing data needs compared to standard ML. Our results show that fracture prediction can be unified under a single model architecture, offering a scalable, extensible alternative to simulator-specific workflows.

断裂预测基础模型多材料小样本

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