通过学习语义方向增强特征,提升医学图像分割在不同临床场景下的泛化能力。
Learning Semantic Directions for Feature Augmentation in Domain-Generalized Medical Segmentation
- 基于领域统计生成隐式特征扰动,保持解剖结构一致性。
- 在多中心数据集上实现优于现有方法的分割性能,稳定跨域表现。
- 适合需要高鲁棒性的医学图像分割场景,如多中心临床应用。
医学图像分割在临床工作中至关重要,但因成像条件、扫描仪类型和采集协议差异导致的领域偏移常引起模型在未见临床场景中性能下降。与自然图像不同,医学图像具有高度一致的解剖结构,领域差异主要源于成像条件。为此,我们提出一种面向医学图像分割的领域泛化框架,通过引入由领域统计引导的隐式特征扰动来提升对领域特异性变化的鲁棒性。具体地,采用可学习的语义方向选择器和基于协方差的语义强度采样器,调节领域变异特征同时保留任务相关解剖一致性。此外,设计自适应一致性约束,在特征调整导致性能下降时才启用,促使调整后特征与原始预测对齐,从而稳定特征选择并提升分割可靠性。在两个公开多中心基准数据集上的大量实验表明,本框架持续优于现有领域泛化方法,在多样临床场景中实现稳健且可泛化的分割表现。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Medical image segmentation plays a crucial role in clinical workflows, but domain shift often leads to performance degradation when models are applied to unseen clinical domains. This challenge arises due to variations in imaging conditions, scanner types, and acquisition protocols, limiting the practical deployment of segmentation models. Unlike natural images, medical images typically exhibit consistent anatomical structures across patients, with domain-specific variations mainly caused by imaging conditions. This unique characteristic makes medical image segmentation particularly challenging. To address this challenge, we propose a domain generalization framework tailored for medical image segmentation. Our approach improves robustness to domain-specific variations by introducing implicit feature perturbations guided by domain statistics. Specifically, we employ a learnable semantic direction selector and a covariance-based semantic intensity sampler to modulate domain-variant features while preserving task-relevant anatomical consistency. Furthermore, we design an adaptive consistency constraint that is selectively applied only when feature adjustment leads to degraded segmentation performance. This constraint encourages the adjusted features to align with the original predictions, thereby stabilizing feature selection and improving the reliability of the segmentation. Extensive experiments on two public multi-center benchmarks show that our framework consistently outperforms existing domain generalization approaches, achieving robust and generalizable segmentation performance across diverse clinical domains.
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