提出可解释的集成模型StackLiverNet,实现肝病高精度检测与临床可应用。
StackLiverNet: A Novel Stacked Ensemble Model for Accurate and Interpretable Liver Disease Detection
- 基于轻量级集成框架,融合优化基分类器与元模型提升性能。
- 测试准确率99.89%,误判仅5例,训练和推理速度满足临床需求。
- 结合LIME、SHAP与敏感性分析,揭示碱性磷酸酶等关键指标作用。
肝病是全球重大健康问题,亟需精准及时诊断以提高患者生存率。现有机器学习与深度学习模型普遍存在误分类率高、可解释性差、计算成本大及预处理策略不足等问题。为此,本文提出StackLiverNet——一种专为肝病检测设计的可解释堆叠集成模型。该框架采用先进数据预处理与特征选择技术增强鲁棒性,通过随机欠采样解决类别不平衡问题。模型由多个超参数优化的基分类器组成,其互补优势通过LightGBM元模型整合。实验显示,模型测试准确率达99.89%,Cohen Kappa为0.9974,AUC为0.9993,仅5例误判;训练时间4.2783秒,推理时间0.1106秒,具备临床实用性。同时,采用LIME生成个体预测的透明解释,发现碱性磷酸酶浓度高与中度SGOT为重要判别特征;使用SHAP进行全局特征贡献排序,结合Morris方法验证关键特征的敏感性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Liver diseases are a serious health concern in the world, which requires precise and timely diagnosis to enhance the survival chances of patients. The current literature implemented numerous machine learning and deep learning models to classify liver diseases, but most of them had some issues like high misclassification error, poor interpretability, prohibitive computational expense, and lack of good preprocessing strategies. In order to address these drawbacks, we introduced StackLiverNet in this study; an interpretable stacked ensemble model tailored to the liver disease detection task. The framework uses advanced data preprocessing and feature selection technique to increase model robustness and predictive ability. Random undersampling is performed to deal with class imbalance and make the training balanced. StackLiverNet is an ensemble of several hyperparameter-optimized base classifiers, whose complementary advantages are used through a LightGBM meta-model. The provided model demonstrates excellent performance, with the testing accuracy of 99.89%, Cohen Kappa of 0.9974, and AUC of 0.9993, having only 5 misclassifications, and efficient training and inference speeds that are amenable to clinical practice (training time 4.2783 seconds, inference time 0.1106 seconds). Besides, Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) are applied to generate transparent explanations of individual predictions, revealing high concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and moderate SGOT as important observations of liver disease. Also, SHAP was used to rank features by their global contribution to predictions, while the Morris method confirmed the most influential features through sensitivity analysis.
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