针对边缘部署的多个大模型,实现低延迟高可用的智能请求路由。
Quality-of-Service Aware LLM Routing for Edge Computing with Multiple Experts
- 用深度强化学习动态分配请求到最优边缘大模型
- 在真实负载下平均服务质量提升显著,资源利用更高效
- 适合物联网与移动设备等对响应速度敏感的场景
大型语言模型(LLM)展现出强大能力,用户对LLM服务的需求激增。但基于云的LLM服务常面临高延迟、响应不稳定和隐私风险。因此,多个LLM通常被部署在边缘网络以提升实时响应并保护数据隐私,尤其适用于新兴的智能移动和物联网应用。由于不同LLM服务在响应质量与延迟上存在差异,如何将移动与物联网设备的请求路由至合适的边缘LLM服务(即边缘专家)以保障可接受的服务质量(QoS)成为关键问题。现有路由算法难以同时应对LLM服务异构性、请求间干扰及动态负载对长期稳定QoS的挑战。为此,本文提出一种基于深度强化学习(DRL)的、面向持续高质量服务的边缘LLM路由框架。针对全局状态的动态性,我们设计了一种动态状态抽象技术,通过异构图注意力网络(HAN)紧凑表示全局状态特征;此外,引入动作影响估计器和定制奖励函数,引导DRL代理最大化QoS并防止延迟越界。在泊松分布和真实负载下的大量实验表明,所提算法相比现有基线显著提升了平均QoS与计算资源效率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, leading to a significant increase in user demand for LLM services. However, cloud-based LLM services often suffer from high latency, unstable responsiveness, and privacy concerns. Therefore, multiple LLMs are usually deployed at the network edge to boost real-time responsiveness and protect data privacy, particularly for many emerging smart mobile and IoT applications. Given the varying response quality and latency of LLM services, a critical issue is how to route user requests from mobile and IoT devices to an appropriate LLM service (i.e., edge LLM expert) to ensure acceptable quality-of-service (QoS). Existing routing algorithms fail to simultaneously address the heterogeneity of LLM services, the interference among requests, and the dynamic workloads necessary for maintaining long-term stable QoS. To meet these challenges, in this paper we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based QoS-aware LLM routing framework for sustained high-quality LLM services. Due to the dynamic nature of the global state, we propose a dynamic state abstraction technique to compactly represent global state features with a heterogeneous graph attention network (HAN). Additionally, we introduce an action impact estimator and a tailored reward function to guide the DRL agent in maximizing QoS and preventing latency violations. Extensive experiments on both Poisson and real-world workloads demonstrate that our proposed algorithm significantly improves average QoS and computing resource efficiency compared to existing baselines.
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