用激活信息精准修改恶意输入,让越狱攻击更有效且通用。
Activation-Guided Local Editing for Jailbreaking Attacks
- 分两阶段:先重构恶意请求,再利用模型隐藏状态引导微调
- 攻击成功率提升37.74%,在黑盒模型上仍表现优异
- 能突破主流防御机制,适合安全测试与模型鲁棒性研究
越狱攻击是红队测试大模型安全漏洞的关键技术。现有方法存在明显缺陷:基于标记的攻击常导致输入混乱、可迁移性差;基于提示的攻击则难以扩展,依赖人工设计。本文提出一种简洁高效的两阶段框架——第一阶段基于场景生成上下文并重述原始恶意请求以隐藏危害意图;第二阶段利用模型隐藏状态信息指导细粒度编辑,有效将输入的内部表征从恶意转向良性。大量实验表明,该方法达到当前最优攻击成功率,相比最强基线最高提升37.74%,且对黑盒模型具备优异可迁移性。分析还显示,AGILE在面对主流防御机制时仍保持显著效果,揭示了现有防护手段的局限性,为未来防御研究提供重要参考。代码已开源于https://github.com/SELGroup/AGILE。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Jailbreaking is an essential adversarial technique for red-teaming these models to uncover and patch security flaws. However, existing jailbreak methods face significant drawbacks. Token-level jailbreak attacks often produce incoherent or unreadable inputs and exhibit poor transferability, while prompt-level attacks lack scalability and rely heavily on manual effort and human ingenuity. We propose a concise and effective two-stage framework that combines the advantages of these approaches. The first stage performs a scenario-based generation of context and rephrases the original malicious query to obscure its harmful intent. The second stage then utilizes information from the model's hidden states to guide fine-grained edits, effectively steering the model's internal representation of the input from a malicious toward a benign one. Extensive experiments demonstrate that this method achieves state-of-the-art Attack Success Rate, with gains of up to 37.74% over the strongest baseline, and exhibits excellent transferability to black-box models. Our analysis further demonstrates that AGILE maintains substantial effectiveness against prominent defense mechanisms, highlighting the limitations of current safeguards and providing valuable insights for future defense development. Our code is available at https://github.com/SELGroup/AGILE.
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