arXiv:2508.00887cs.LGcs.CV2025-08NeurIPS被引 2

提出新型图匹配框架,显著提速且保持精度

FRAM: Frobenius-Regularized Assignment Matching with Mixed-Precision Computing

  • 将图匹配重构为弗罗贝尼乌斯正则化分配问题,抑制解空间膨胀
  • 在相同精度下超越所有基线方法,混合精度下速度提升370倍
  • 适合需要高效高精度图匹配的工业级应用

图匹配通常被建模为二次分配问题(QAP),旨在建立两图间的节点对应关系。针对QAP的NP难性,现有方法常采用投影松弛法,将其嵌入离散域的凸包中。然而,这类松弛会扩大可行集,引入数值尺度敏感和几何错位两类误差。为此,本文提出一种新松弛框架,将投影步骤重构成弗罗贝尼乌斯正则化线性分配(FRA)问题,通过可调正则项缓解可行域膨胀。该形式支持归一化操作,在不损失精度的前提下保持数值尺度不变性。为高效求解FRA,提出缩放双重随机归一化(SDSN)算法,并基于其计算特性设计理论支撑的混合精度架构,实现显著加速。全面的基于CPU的基准测试表明,FRAM在相同精度设置下始终优于所有基线方法。结合基于GPU的混合精度架构,相较于其CPU-FP64版本,速度最高提升370倍,解的精度损失可忽略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graph matching, typically formulated as a Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP), seeks to establish node correspondences between two graphs. To address the NP-hardness of QAP, some existing methods adopt projection-based relaxations that embed the problem into the convex hull of the discrete domain. However, these relaxations inevitably enlarge the feasible set, introducing two sources of error: numerical scale sensitivity and geometric misalignment between the relaxed and original domains. To alleviate these errors, we propose a novel relaxation framework by reformulating the projection step as a Frobenius-regularized Linear Assignment (FRA) problem, where a tunable regularization term mitigates feasible region inflation. This formulation enables normalization-based operations to preserve numerical scale invariance without compromising accuracy. To efficiently solve FRA, we propose the Scaling Doubly Stochastic Normalization (SDSN) algorithm. Building on its favorable computational properties, we develop a theoretically grounded mixed-precision architecture to achieve substantial acceleration. Comprehensive CPU-based benchmarks demonstrate that FRAM consistently outperforms all baseline methods under identical precision settings. When combined with a GPU-based mixed-precision architecture, FRAM achieves up to 370X speedup over its CPU-FP64 counterpart, with negligible loss in solution accuracy.

图匹配优化算法混合精度线性分配

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