arXiv:2508.01116quant-phcs.AI2025-08中稿 · npj Quantum Inform…被引 8

用张量网络指导量子电路参数生成,提升量子计算的稳定性与可扩展性。

TensorHyper-VQC: A Tensor-Train-Guided Hypernetwork for Robust and Scalable Variational Quantum Computing

  • 用张量列车网络生成量子电路参数,解耦经典优化与量子硬件
  • 在156比特量子处理器上验证,对噪声有强鲁棒性且避免梯度消失
  • 适合追求高稳定性的近中期量子机器学习应用

变分量子计算(VQC)面临可扩展性瓶颈,主要源于梯度消失和对量子噪声的敏感性。为此,我们提出一种基于张量列车(TT)引导的超网络框架TensorHyper-VQC,显著提升VQC的鲁棒性与可扩展性。该框架将量子电路参数的生成完全交由经典TT网络完成,从而实现优化与量子硬件的解耦。这种新型参数化方式缓解了梯度消失问题,通过结构化的低秩表示增强抗噪能力,并支持高效梯度传播。基于神经正切核与统计学习理论,我们的严格理论分析建立了逼近能力、优化稳定性与泛化性能的强保证。在量子点分类、最大割优化和分子量子模拟任务上的广泛实验表明,TensorHyper-VQC始终表现出更优性能与强噪声容忍度,包括在156量子比特的IBM Heron处理器上的硬件级验证。这些结果使TensorHyper-VQC成为近中期设备上推进实用量子机器学习的可扩展、抗噪框架。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Variational Quantum Computing (VQC) faces fundamental scalability barriers, primarily due to barren plateaus and sensitivity to quantum noise. To address these challenges, we introduce TensorHyper-VQC, a novel tensor-train (TT)-guided hypernetwork framework that significantly improves the robustness and scalability of VQC. Our framework fully delegates the generation of quantum-circuit parameters to a classical TT network, thereby decoupling optimization from quantum hardware. This innovative parameterization mitigates gradient vanishing, enhances noise resilience through structured low-rank representations, and facilitates efficient gradient propagation. Grounded in Neural Tangent Kernel and statistical learning theory, our rigorous theoretical analyses establish strong guarantees on approximation capability, optimization stability, and generalization performance. Extensive empirical results across quantum dot classification, Max-Cut optimization, and molecular quantum simulation tasks demonstrate that TensorHyper-VQC consistently achieves superior performance and robust noise tolerance, including hardware-level validation on a 156-qubit IBM Heron processor. These results position TensorHyper-VQC as a scalable and noise-resilient framework for advancing practical quantum machine learning on near-term devices.

量子计算张量网络抗噪

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