arXiv:2508.01209cs.LGcs.AI2025-08KDD

在特征缺失时,用新方法让老算法标签传播更准。

Oldie but Goodie: Re-illuminating Label Propagation on Graphs with Partially Observed Features

  • 结合标签传播与特征传播,动态融合结构和特征信息
  • 仅少量特征可用时,性能超越现有最先进方法
  • 适合特征不全的现实图数据场景,如隐私保护任务

真实图数据中常出现节点特征缺失,如敏感信息缺失。此时直接使用图神经网络(GNN)在下游任务(如节点分类)中表现不佳。尽管已有少数基于GNN的方法尝试缓解此问题,但当仅有少量特征可用时,其表现反而劣于传统结构驱动模型。为此,本文提出一种新框架GOODIE,重新激活经典标签传播(Label Propagation)的潜力,充分利用特征传播机制。GOODIE采用混合架构,分别从标签传播分支和特征传播分支获取嵌入表示。首先设计一个基于GNN的解码器,使标签传播分支输出的隐状态与特征传播分支对齐;其次引入结构-特征注意力机制,自动学习结构与特征的重要性权重;最后通过新型伪标签对比学习,区分来自标签传播分支的正样本对贡献。大量实验表明,无论特征是否充足,GOODIE均优于现有最先进方法。代码已开源:https://github.com/SukwonYun/GOODIE。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In real-world graphs, we often encounter missing feature situations where a few or the majority of node features, e.g., sensitive information, are missed. In such scenarios, directly utilizing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) would yield sub-optimal results in downstream tasks such as node classification. Despite the emergence of a few GNN-based methods attempting to mitigate its missing situation, when only a few features are available, they rather perform worse than traditional structure-based models. To this end, we propose a novel framework that further illuminates the potential of classical Label Propagation (Oldie), taking advantage of Feature Propagation, especially when only a partial feature is available. Now called by GOODIE, it takes a hybrid approach to obtain embeddings from the Label Propagation branch and Feature Propagation branch. To do so, we first design a GNN-based decoder that enables the Label Propagation branch to output hidden embeddings that align with those of the FP branch. Then, GOODIE automatically captures the significance of structure and feature information thanks to the newly designed Structure-Feature Attention. Followed by a novel Pseudo-Label contrastive learning that differentiates the contribution of each positive pair within pseudo-labels originating from the LP branch, GOODIE outputs the final prediction for the unlabeled nodes. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed model, GOODIE, outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods not only when only a few features are available but also in abundantly available situations. Source code of GOODIE is available at: https://github.com/SukwonYun/GOODIE.

图神经网络特征缺失标签传播半监督学习

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