arXiv:2508.01230physics.comp-phcs.CV2025-08被引 2

点级扩散模型高效预测形变物理系统,速度提升百倍且精度更高。

Point-wise Diffusion Models for Physical Systems with Shape Variations: Application to Spatio-temporal and Large-scale system

  • 在时空点上独立进行扩散过程,用点级Transformer去噪。
  • 仅需5-10步即可完成推理,速度比传统方法快100-200倍。
  • 适用于网格和点云,适合实时仿真与大规模物理系统建模。

本文提出一种新型点级扩散模型,通过在时空点上独立执行前向与反向扩散过程,并结合点级扩散Transformer实现去噪,直接处理任意数据格式(如网格、点云),保持几何保真度。该方法在三类复杂几何配置的物理系统中验证:二维时空系统(如圆柱流体流动、OLED液滴冲击)和三维大规模系统(道路-汽车外气动)。为支持实时预测,采用去噪扩散隐式模型(DDIM)实现高效确定性采样,仅需5-10步,推理速度提升100至200倍,且不牺牲精度。相比图像基扩散模型,训练时间减少94.4%,参数量降低89.0%,预测准确率提升超28%。在与DeepONet、Meshgraphnet等数据灵活代理模型的对比中,本方法在所有系统上均表现更优。进一步研究了最终状态预测与增量变化预测的差异,以及不同下采样率(10%-100%)下的计算效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This study introduces a novel point-wise diffusion model that processes spatio-temporal points independently to efficiently predict complex physical systems with shape variations. This methodological contribution lies in applying forward and backward diffusion processes at individual spatio-temporal points, coupled with a point-wise diffusion transformer architecture for denoising. Unlike conventional image-based diffusion models that operate on structured data representations, this framework enables direct processing of any data formats including meshes and point clouds while preserving geometric fidelity. We validate our approach across three distinct physical domains with complex geometric configurations: 2D spatio-temporal systems including cylinder fluid flow and OLED drop impact test, and 3D large-scale system for road-car external aerodynamics. To justify the necessity of our point-wise approach for real-time prediction applications, we employ denoising diffusion implicit models (DDIM) for efficient deterministic sampling, requiring only 5-10 steps compared to traditional 1000-step and providing computational speedup of 100 to 200 times during inference without compromising accuracy. In addition, our proposed model achieves superior performance compared to image-based diffusion model: reducing training time by 94.4% and requiring 89.0% fewer parameters while achieving over 28% improvement in prediction accuracy. Comprehensive comparisons against data-flexible surrogate models including DeepONet and Meshgraphnet demonstrate consistent superiority of our approach across all three physical systems. To further refine the proposed model, we investigate two key aspects: 1) comparison of final physical states prediction or incremental change prediction, and 2) computational efficiency evaluation across varying subsampling ratios (10%-100%).

扩散模型物理模拟点云实时预测

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