arXiv:2508.01615cs.LGcs.AI2025-08

TCDiff用三级扩散模型生成高质量不完整病历数据,适合中医医疗研究。

TCDiff: Triplex Cascaded Diffusion for High-fidelity Multimodal EHRs Generation with Incomplete Clinical Data

  • 三级级联扩散架构分别处理参考模态、跨模态关联和目标模态生成。
  • 在不同缺失率下,生成数据保真度平均提升10%,优于现有方法。
  • 专为中西医多模态病历设计,适合医疗数据合成与隐私保护研究。

电子健康记录(EHR)的稀缺性已成为生物医学研究的主要瓶颈,尤其在大模型日益依赖数据的背景下。从现有数据集合成大量匿名化、高保真度的数据成为可行方案。然而,现有方法难以建模异构多模态EHR数据(如连续型、离散型、文本型)的内在特性,无法捕捉其复杂依赖关系,且对普遍存在的数据缺失缺乏鲁棒性,这些问题在中医领域尤为突出。为此,我们提出TCDiff(Triplex Cascaded Diffusion Network),一种新型的EHR生成框架,通过三个扩散网络级联学习真实世界EHR特征,构建多阶段生成流程:参考模态扩散、跨模态桥接与目标模态扩散。此外,为验证该框架,我们除使用两个公开数据集外,还构建并引入TCM-SZ1,一个用于基准测试的新颖多模态中医病历数据集。实验表明,TCDiff在各种缺失率下,平均数据保真度比现有最优基线提升10%,同时保持良好的隐私保障能力,凸显了该方法在真实医疗场景中的有效性、鲁棒性与通用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The scarcity of large-scale and high-quality electronic health records (EHRs) remains a major bottleneck in biomedical research, especially as large foundation models become increasingly data-hungry. Synthesizing substantial volumes of de-identified and high-fidelity data from existing datasets has emerged as a promising solution. However, existing methods suffer from a series of limitations: they struggle to model the intrinsic properties of heterogeneous multimodal EHR data (e.g., continuous, discrete, and textual modalities), capture the complex dependencies among them, and robustly handle pervasive data incompleteness. These challenges are particularly acute in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). To this end, we propose TCDiff (Triplex Cascaded Diffusion Network), a novel EHR generation framework that cascades three diffusion networks to learn the features of real-world EHR data, formatting a multi-stage generative process: Reference Modalities Diffusion, Cross-Modal Bridging, and Target Modality Diffusion. Furthermore, to validate our proposed framework, besides two public datasets, we also construct and introduce TCM-SZ1, a novel multimodal EHR dataset for benchmarking. Experimental results show that TCDiff consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by an average of 10% in data fidelity under various missing rate, while maintaining competitive privacy guarantees. This highlights the effectiveness, robustness, and generalizability of our approach in real-world healthcare scenarios.

医疗生成扩散模型多模态中医数据

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