将时间序列分类模型的解释结果转化为可读规则,提升透明度与一致性。
Explaining Time Series Classifiers with PHAR: Rule Extraction and Fusion from Post-hoc Attributions
- 把LIME、SHAP等解释结果转为人类可读的区间规则
- 在长序列上覆盖更广,性能接近原生规则方法
- 融合规则避免冲突,适合需要可解释性的工业场景
时间序列分类的可解释性难题源于原始数据难以解读及输入空间维度高。我们提出PHAR——后验归因规则框架,将LIME、SHAP等实例级解释器生成的数值特征归因转化为结构化、可读的规则。这些规则定义了决策相关片段在时间轴上的区间位置,通过阈值条件定位关键段,增强模型透明性。PHAR在长序列上表现优于传统规则方法,且具备更高实例覆盖率。通过加权选择与基于Lasso的精炼策略进行规则融合,平衡覆盖率、置信度与简洁性,确保每个实例获得清晰无歧义的解释。可视化技术揭示规则在特异性与泛化间的权衡。实验基于UCR/UEA时间序列分类基准库,验证了PHAR在提升可解释性、决策透明度与实际应用价值方面的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Explaining machine learning (ML) models for time series (TS) classification remains challenging due to the difficulty of interpreting raw time series and the high dimensionality of the input space. We introduce PHAR--Post-hoc Attribution Rules--a unified framework that transforms numeric feature attributions from post-hoc, instance-wise explainers (e.g. LIME, SHAP) into structured, human-readable rules. These rules define human-readable intervals that indicate where and when decision-relevant segments occur and can enhance model transparency by localizing threshold-based conditions on the raw series. PHAR performs comparably to native rule-based methods, such as Anchor, while scaling more efficiently to long TS sequences and achieving broader instance coverage. A dedicated rule fusion step consolidates rule sets using strategies like weighted selection and lasso-based refinement, balancing key quality metrics: coverage, confidence, and simplicity. This fusion ensures each instance receives a concise and unambiguous rule, improving both explanation fidelity and consistency. We further introduce visualization techniques to illustrate specificity-generalization trade-offs in the derived rules. PHAR resolves conflicting and overlapping explanations--a common effect of the Rashomon phenomenon--into coherent, domain-adaptable insights. Comprehensive experiments on UCR/UEA Time Series Classification Archive demonstrate that PHAR may improve interpretability, decision transparency, and practical applicability for TS classification tasks by providing concise, human-readable rules aligned with model predictions.
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