arXiv:2508.02128cs.LGcs.AI2025-08被引 3

无需重训练,用激活稀疏加速大模型预填充阶段的线性计算。

Amber Pruner: Leveraging N:M Activation Sparsity for Efficient Prefill in Large Language Models

  • 基于激活稀疏性设计无训练的N:M压缩方法,专用于预填充阶段。
  • 在多个模型上实现超过55%的线性计算加速,且无需重新训练。
  • 可与量化技术融合,适合追求高效推理的生成类任务部署。

在大语言模型(LLMs)时代,N:M稀疏性作为一种结构化压缩技术,对加速推理至关重要。尽管以往工作主要聚焦于权重稀疏性,但常导致显著性能下降。激活稀疏性虽具潜力,却通常依赖训练且泛化能力差。为此,我们提出Amber Pruner,一种针对预填充阶段、无需训练的N:M激活稀疏方法,旨在加速LLM中线性投影层的计算。在多个模型和稀疏比(2:4、4:8、8:16)下的大量实验表明,Amber Pruner可在不重新训练模型的前提下,有效稀疏并加速超过55%的线性计算。为进一步提升通用性与效率,我们提出Outstanding-sparse框架,将Amber Pruner与后训练W8A8量化集成。该方法在多种下游任务中保持优异性能,尤其在生成任务中表现突出。本工作开创了激活稀疏性的新方向,为下一代AI系统算法与架构的协同演进提供基础洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In the era of large language models (LLMs), N:M sparsity has emerged as a structured compression technique critical for accelerating inference. While prior work has primarily focused on weight sparsity, it often suffers from significant accuracy degradation. Activation sparsity, though promising, is typically training-dependent and faces challenges in generalization. To address these limitations, we introduce Amber Pruner, a training-free N:M activation sparsity method designed specifically for the prefill stage, targeting the acceleration of linear projection layers in LLMs. Extensive experiments across multiple models and sparsity ratios (2:4, 4:8, and 8:16) demonstrate that Amber Pruner can effectively sparsify and accelerate more than 55% of linear computations without requiring model retraining. To further enhance generality and efficiency, we propose Outstanding-sparse, a unified framework that integrates Amber Pruner with post-training W8A8 quantization. Our approach preserves strong performance across a range of downstream tasks, with notable advantages in generative tasks. This work pioneers a new frontier in activation sparsity, providing foundational insights that are poised to guide the co-evolution of algorithms and architectures in the design of next-generation AI systems.

稀疏性推理加速量化大模型

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