arXiv:2508.02482cs.LG2025-08

用机器学习自动评估肝脏点云生成质量,替代人工专家评审。

Toward Using Machine Learning as a Shape Quality Metric for Liver Point Cloud Generation

  • 用手工提取几何特征+机器学习/PointNet分类器判断生成肝脏形状好坏
  • 模型能区分良质与劣质肝脏形状,准确率高于随机猜测
  • 提供可解释的评估结果,适合临床医学中的形态生成质量检测

尽管扩散模型等3D医学形状生成方法在合成多样化且解剖合理结构方面展现出潜力,但由于缺乏真实标签,质量评估仍具挑战性。现有评价指标多基于训练集与生成集之间的分布距离,而医学领域更关注每个生成形状的个体质量,这需要耗费大量人力的专家评审。本文探索使用经典机器学习(ML)方法和PointNet作为替代方案,用于评估生成肝脏形状的质量。我们从生成肝脏形状表面采样点云,提取手工几何特征,并训练一系列监督型ML与PointNet模型,以分类肝脏形状为优或劣。这些训练好的模型随后作为代理判别器,评估生成模型所产出的合成肝脏形状质量。结果显示,基于机器学习的形状分类器不仅能提供可解释的反馈,还能补充专家评估的视角。表明机器学习分类器可作为轻量级、任务相关的质量度量,在3D器官形状生成中支持更透明、更契合临床需求的评估流程。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While 3D medical shape generative models such as diffusion models have shown promise in synthesizing diverse and anatomically plausible structures, the absence of ground truth makes quality evaluation challenging. Existing evaluation metrics commonly measure distributional distances between training and generated sets, while the medical field requires assessing quality at the individual level for each generated shape, which demands labor-intensive expert review. In this paper, we investigate the use of classical machine learning (ML) methods and PointNet as an alternative, interpretable approach for assessing the quality of generated liver shapes. We sample point clouds from the surfaces of the generated liver shapes, extract handcrafted geometric features, and train a group of supervised ML and PointNet models to classify liver shapes as good or bad. These trained models are then used as proxy discriminators to assess the quality of synthetic liver shapes produced by generative models. Our results show that ML-based shape classifiers provide not only interpretable feedback but also complementary insights compared to expert evaluation. This suggests that ML classifiers can serve as lightweight, task-relevant quality metrics in 3D organ shape generation, supporting more transparent and clinically aligned evaluation protocols in medical shape modeling.

医学生成点云评估可解释性

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