考虑视觉估计误差的自动驾驶控制框架,提升边界跟随安全性。
Predictive Control for Driving under Uncertain Road Geometry Estimated from Onboard Vision
- 基于RGB-D数据用约束优化建模道路曲率,保证几何一致性。
- 通过扰动参数生成多条曲率路径,量化感知不确定性。
- 在仿真中比传统方法更紧贴道路边界,适合高精度自动驾驶场景。
自动驾驶车辆在未知道路上行驶时,需从车载传感器估计道路几何形状并沿估算路径行驶,同时遵守道路边界约束。当感知引起的估计误差相对于横向约束余量不可忽略时,将估计参考视为真实值可能导致安全约束违规。本文提出一种融合道路几何估计与几何不确定性于一体的感知控制框架。通过约束非线性优化,利用RGB-D测量识别道路曲率的参数化模型,并强制几何一致性。随后,通过扰动估计参数构建一组与观测数据一致的曲率剖面,捕捉残余感知不确定性。采用弗内特坐标系下的车辆模型,将曲率不确定性作为参数模型不确定性,通过情景模型预测控制方案传播至系统,确保所有采样曲率实现下的约束均被满足。曲率估计模块在高保真仿真和真实图像数据上验证,证实其在真实视觉与深度噪声下仍可稳定运行。完整感知到控制流水线在仿真中验证,结果表明,该不确定性感知控制器相比基准方法能更紧密地遵循道路边界。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous vehicles driving on unknown roads must estimate the road geometry from onboard sensors and follow the resulting reference while respecting road boundaries. When the perception-induced estimation error is non-negligible relative to the lateral constraint margins, treating the estimated reference as ground-truth can lead to safety constraint violations. This paper proposes a perception-based control framework that integrates road geometry estimation and the resulting geometric uncertainty with constrained control. A parametric model of the road curvature is identified from RGB-D measurements via constrained nonlinear optimization, enforcing geometric consistency. The residual perception uncertainty is then captured by constructing a set of curvature profiles consistent with measurements by perturbing the estimated parameters. Using the Frenet-frame vehicle model, the curvature uncertainty is propagated through the model via a scenario model predictive control scheme as parametric model uncertainty, thus enforcing constraints across all sampled curvature realizations. The curvature estimation module is evaluated both in high-fidelity simulation and on real-world image data, confirming reliable operation under realistic visual and depth noise. The full perception-to-control pipeline is validated in simulation, demonstrating that the uncertainty-aware controller maintains tighter adherence to road boundaries compared to its nominal counterpart.
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