提出可微坐标变换框架JacobiNet,解决不规则域PDE求解中收敛慢、边界难控制问题。
Solved in Unit Domain: JacobiNet for Differentiable Coordinate-Transformed PINNs
- 用学习式坐标变换统一映射与求解,端到端可微
- 相对误差降至0.01-0.09,平均精度提升15.6倍
- 支持快速几何编辑,适合复杂形貌的实时模拟
物理信息神经网络(PINNs)通过嵌入物理定律求解偏微分方程(PDE),但在不规则边界域上常因几何各向异性导致归一化不一致、边界约束不准及损失项失衡,造成不稳定和收敛慢。传统方法依赖特定网格映射,需预设节点计算雅可比行列式,并通过链式法则重写PDE,与现代自动微分、张量框架不兼容。为此,本文提出JacobiNet——一种基于学习的可微坐标变换PINN框架,将域映射与PDE求解统一于端到端可微架构中。该框架通过autograd直接计算雅可比,共享下游PINN的计算图,避免了人工构造网格、显式存储雅可比和手动重写PDE。分离物理建模与几何复杂性后,JacobiNet有效缓解原始非均匀坐标下的归一化问题,实现硬边界条件施加,并缓解损失项竞争失衡。在多种PDE上验证,相对L2误差从0.11–0.73降至0.01–0.09,平均精度提升15.6倍;在形状多变的血管类域上,对未见几何实现毫秒级映射推理,预测精度平均提升3.65倍,速度提升超10倍,展现出强泛化性、高精度与高效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a powerful framework for solving PDEs by embedding physical laws into the learning process. However, when applied to domains with irregular boundaries, PINNs often suffer from instability and slow convergence, which stems from (1) inconsistent normalization due to geometric anisotropy, (2) inaccurate boundary enforcement, and (3) imbalanced loss term competition. A common workaround is to map the domain to a regular space. Yet, conventional mapping methods rely on case-specific meshes, define Jacobians at pre-specified fixed nodes, reformulate PDEs via the chain rule-making them incompatible with modern automatic differentiation, tensor-based frameworks. To bridge this gap, we propose JacobiNet, a learning-based coordinate-transformed PINN framework that unifies domain mapping and PDE solving within an end-to-end differentiable architecture. JacobiNet enables direct Jacobian computation via autograd, shares computation graph with downstream PINNs, thereby avoiding case-specific meshing, explicit Jacobian computation/storage, and manual PDE reformulation while unlocking geometric-editing operations. Separating physical modeling from geometric complexity, JacobiNet (1) addresses normalization challenges in the original anisotropic coordinates, (2) facilitates the hard enforcement of boundary conditions, and (3) mitigates the long-standing imbalance among loss terms. Evaluated on various PDEs, JacobiNet reduces the relative L2 error from 0.11-0.73 to 0.01-0.09, achieving an average 15.6x improvement in accuracy. In vessel-like domains with varying shapes, JacobiNet enables millisecond-level mapping inference for unseen geometries, improves prediction accuracy by an average of 3.65x, while delivering over 10x speedup-demonstrating strong generalization, accuracy, and efficiency.
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