人类与生成式AI互动时，会无意识赋予其意图与内在体验，这种现象被称作'诺塞米亚'。
Noosemia: toward a Cognitive and Phenomenological Account of Intentionality Attribution in Human-Generative AI Interaction
- 提出'诺塞米亚'概念，解释用户如何在语言表现和认知模糊中赋予AI意图
- 揭示大模型通过上下文认知场构建意义，产生类代理感的机制
- 适合关注AI心理投射、人机交互哲学的研究者阅读
本文提出并形式化了诺塞米亚（Noosemìa）这一新型认知-现象学模式，源于人类与生成式AI系统的互动，尤其在对话或多模态交流中显现。我们构建了一个跨学科框架，解释在特定条件下，用户如何将意图性、自主性和内在性投射到这些系统——这种现象不依赖于物理相似性，而根植于语言表现力、认知模糊性及技术复杂性的涌现。通过将大语言模型的意义整体性衰减与我们的技术概念‘上下文认知场’相联结，阐明了大模型如何关系性地建构意义，以及在人机接口处如何涌现出连贯性与类代理感。诺塞米亚被置于错视、拟人化、意向立场和恐怖谷等现象之中进行区分，凸显其独特特征。同时引入‘无诺塞米亚’描述此类投射的消退现象。论文最后反思了诺塞米亚动态的哲学、认识论和社会影响，并指明未来研究方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper introduces and formalizes Noosemìa, a novel cognitive-phenomenological pattern emerging from human interaction with generative AI systems, particularly those enabling dialogic or multimodal exchanges. We propose a multidisciplinary framework to explain how, under certain conditions, users attribute intentionality, agency, and even interiority to these systems - a process grounded not in physical resemblance, but in linguistic performance, epistemic opacity, and emergent technological complexity. By linking an LLM declination of meaning holism to our technical notion of the LLM Contextual Cognitive Field, we clarify how LLMs construct meaning relationally and how coherence and a simulacrum of agency arise at the human-AI interface. The analysis situates noosemia alongside pareidolia, animism, the intentional stance and the uncanny valley, distinguishing its unique characteristics. We also introduce a-noosemia to describe the phenomenological withdrawal of such projections. The paper concludes with reflections on the broader philosophical, epistemological and social implications of noosemic dynamics and directions for future research.
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