用脑电图测试刹车灯设计对司机反应速度的影响，发现LED灯更快。
Investigating the Cognitive Response of Brake Lights in Initiating Braking Action Using EEG
- 通过脑电图测量司机对不同刹车灯的脑部反应时间。
- 卤素灯比所有测试的LED灯引发的认知反应慢，差异显著。
- 适合交通安全与汽车设计研究者阅读。
超过一半的道路事故由驾驶员注意力不集中或车距过近引起。追尾事故是英国最常见的事故类型，其影响因素已被长期研究。后置刹车灯在制动时亮起，是提醒后方驾驶员减速或刹车的主要方式。本文提出一种新型脑电反应方法，评估22名受试者在物理模拟驾驶环境中对不同刹车灯设计的认知反应时间。测试了八组基于LED的刹车灯和两组基于白炽灯的刹车灯，采集脑电图（EEG）数据。利用Pz通道提取决策过程中产生的P3成分，反映参与者从松开油门到踩刹车的脑部决策时间。结果表明，所有白炽灯组的反应时间均显著慢于各组LED灯；而不同LED灯之间虽有差异，但未达统计显著性，归因于脑电信号中大量运动伪影干扰。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Half of all road accidents result from either lack of driver attention or from maintaining insufficient separation between vehicles. Collision from the rear, in particular, has been identified as the most common class of accident in the UK, and its influencing factors have been widely studied for many years. Rear-mounted stop lamps, illuminated when braking, are the primary mechanism to alert following drivers to the need to reduce speed or brake. This paper develops a novel brain response approach to measuring subject reaction to different brake light designs. A variety of off-the-shelf brake light assemblies are tested in a physical simulated driving environment to assess the cognitive reaction times of 22 subjects. Eight pairs of LED-based and two pairs of incandescent bulb-based brake light assemblies are used and electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded. Channel Pz is utilised to extract the P3 component evoked during the decision making process that occurs in the brain when a participant decides to lift their foot from the accelerator and depress the brake. EEG analysis shows that both incandescent bulb-based lights are statistically slower to evoke cognitive responses than all tested LED-based lights. Between the LED designs, differences are evident, but not statistically significant, attributed to the significant amount of movement artifact in the EEG signal.
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