arXiv:2508.03406cs.AI2025-08被引 4

用大模型+多目标优化,自动诊断路由问题中的不可行约束。

Multi-Objective Infeasibility Diagnosis for Routing Problems Using Large Language Models

  • 结合大模型代理与多目标优化,生成多种调整方案。
  • 单次运行输出多个可操作建议,显著提升诊断效率。
  • 适合需要快速修复复杂约束的物流与调度决策者。

在实际路由问题中,用户常提出相互冲突或不合理的要求,导致优化模型因约束过严或矛盾而无解。现有基于大模型的方法虽能诊断不可行模型,但未充分考虑多种可能的调整路径。为此,我们提出多目标不可行性诊断(MOID),将大模型代理与多目标优化集成于自动路由求解器中,生成一组具有代表性的可操作建议。MOID通过多目标优化同时权衡路径成本与约束违反程度,生成一系列折衷解,每种解对应不同调整程度的模型修改。为提取实用洞察,MOID利用大模型代理构建针对不可行模型的分析函数,解析这些差异解以诊断原模型,向用户提供多样化的诊断见解与建议。我们在50类不可行路由问题上对比MOID与多种基于大模型的方法,结果表明,MOID可在一次运行中自动生成多个诊断建议,相比现有方法提供更丰富的可行性恢复与决策支持。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In real-world routing problems, users often propose conflicting or unreasonable requirements, which result in infeasible optimization models due to overly restrictive or contradictory constraints, leading to an empty feasible solution set. Existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based methods attempt to diagnose infeasible models, but modifying such models often involves multiple potential adjustments that these methods do not consider. To fill this gap, we introduce Multi-Objective Infeasibility Diagnosis (MOID), which combines LLM agents and multi-objective optimization within an automatic routing solver, to provide a set of representative actionable suggestions. Specifically, MOID employs multi-objective optimization to consider both path cost and constraint violation, generating a set of trade-off solutions, each encompassing varying degrees of model adjustments. To extract practical insights from these solutions, MOID utilizes LLM agents to generate a solution analysis function for the infeasible model. This function analyzes these distinct solutions to diagnose the original infeasible model, providing users with diverse diagnostic insights and suggestions. Finally, we compare MOID with several LLM-based methods on 50 types of infeasible routing problems. The results indicate that MOID automatically generates multiple diagnostic suggestions in a single run, providing more practical insights for restoring model feasibility and decision-making compared to existing methods.

路由优化大模型诊断

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