arXiv:2508.03635cs.LG2025-08

针对癫痫患者间差异大难题,用个性化权重提升脑电诊断准确率。

Cross-patient Seizure Onset Zone Classification by Patient-Dependent Weight

  • 基于测试患者数据相似性,动态分配训练患者权重进行微调。
  • 跨患者测试平均准确率提升超10%,每例表现均优于基线。
  • 适合临床医生辅助癫痫手术前定位,尤其适用于个体化诊疗场景。

局灶性癫痫患者中识别发作起始区(SOZ)对手术治疗至关重要,但依赖临床专家视觉判断,仍具挑战性。机器学习虽有进展,但医疗数据通常来自个体患者,因疾病类型、体质和病史差异导致数据分布各异,使模型在新患者上难以保持稳定性能,即“跨患者问题”。本文提出一种方法:利用患者特异性权重对预训练模型进行微调。首先通过监督学习训练模型;接着,基于测试患者数据的中间特征,计算其与各训练患者数据的相似性,确定用于微调的训练患者权重;最后,使用带权重的训练数据和全部参数进行微调。实验采用留一患者法评估,结果表明每个测试患者分类准确率均提升,平均提高超过10%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Identifying the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in patients with focal epilepsy is essential for surgical treatment and remains challenging due to its dependence on visual judgment by clinical experts. The development of machine learning can assist in diagnosis and has made promising progress. However, unlike data in other fields, medical data is usually collected from individual patients, and each patient has different illnesses, physical conditions, and medical histories, which leads to differences in the distribution of each patient's data. This makes it difficult for a machine learning model to achieve consistently reliable performance in every new patient dataset, which we refer to as the "cross-patient problem." In this paper, we propose a method to fine-tune a pretrained model using patient-specific weights for every new test patient to improve diagnostic performance. First, the supervised learning method is used to train a machine learning model. Next, using the intermediate features of the trained model obtained through the test patient data, the similarity between the test patient data and each training patient's data is defined to determine the weight of each training patient to be used in the following fine-tuning. Finally, we fine-tune all parameters in the pretrained model with training data and patient weights. In the experiment, the leave-one-patient-out method is used to evaluate the proposed method, and the results show improved classification accuracy for every test patient, with an average improvement of more than 10%.

癫痫诊断个性化医疗迁移学习脑电分析

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